Soil CO2 efflux in uneven-aged and even-aged Norway spruce stands in southern Finland

doi:10.3832/ifor2658-011

Soil CO₂ efflux in uneven-aged and even-aged Norway spruce stands in southern Finland

Atte Kumpu⁽¹⁾ , Annikki Mäkelä⁽¹⁾, Jukka Pumpanen⁽²⁾, Jussi Saarinen⁽¹⁾, Frank Berninger⁽¹⁾

iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, Volume 11, Issue 6, Pages 705-712 (2018)
doi: https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor2658-011
Published: Nov 06, 2018 - Copyright © 2018 SISEF

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Even-aged forests usually act as carbon sinks during most of their rotation. However, after clearcut they become sources of carbon for a period of several years. Applying uneven-aged forest management with selective cuttings will maintain tree cover and reduce the environmental impact on forest floor. The aim of this study was to compare the soil CO₂ efflux between uneven-aged and even-aged Norway spruce stands with similar site properties, to investigate the effect of management practices on soil CO₂ efflux and its possible correlation with soil environmental and chemical properties. We measured soil CO₂ efflux in even- and uneven-aged Norway spruce stands (Picea abies [L.] Karst) in southern Finland during the summer of 2013 using closed chamber method on fixed measuring points. The study included two uneven-aged stands and two even-aged stands (a clearcut site and a mature even-aged stand). Soil moisture and soil temperature were measured at the same time as soil CO₂ efflux. Soil cores were collected from the topsoil of each study plot to determine soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations. Mean soil CO₂ efflux through the summer was highest in the clearcut plot (0.367 mg m^-2 s^-1) followed by the uneven-aged stands (0.298 and 0.257 mg m^-2 s^-1, respectively) and the smallest fluxes were measured in the mature even-aged stand (0.224 mg m^-2 s^-1). There was no statistically significant difference in soil CO₂ efflux between the even- and uneven-aged stands of the same site fertility. Even- and uneven-aged stands did not differ significantly in soil moisture or soil temperature. Soil CO₂ efflux increased steadily with soil temperature, whereas increasing soil moisture considerably increased soil CO₂ efflux at lower moisture levels but only moderately at higher soil moisture levels. Soil carbon and nitrogen concentration did not differ between the study plots of the same fertility. Uneven-aged structure forestry did not prevent the increase in soil CO₂ efflux after cuttings. However, the large variation in soil CO₂ efflux rates within the uneven-aged stands suggests that the stand level CO₂ efflux can be controlled with the intensity of the cutting.

Keywords

Uneven-aged Forest Structure, Even-aged Forest Structure, Soil CO₂ Efflux, Norway spruce

Authors’ address

(1)

University of Helsinki, Department of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 27 (Latokartanonkaari 7) FI-00014 Helsinki (Finland)

(2)

University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio (Finland)

Corresponding author

Atte Kumpu
atte.kumpu@helsinki.fi

Citation

Kumpu A, Mäkelä A, Pumpanen J, Saarinen J, Berninger F (2018). Soil CO₂ efflux in uneven-aged and even-aged Norway spruce stands in southern Finland. iForest 11: 705-712. - doi: 10.3832/ifor2658-011

Academic Editor

Ana Rey

Paper history

Received: Oct 20, 2017
Accepted: Sep 18, 2018

First online: Nov 06, 2018
Publication Date: Dec 31, 2018
Publication Time: 1.63 months

Open Access

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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