*
 

iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry

*

Soil CO2 efflux in uneven-aged and even-aged Norway spruce stands in southern Finland

Atte Kumpu (1)   , Annikki Mäkelä (1), Jukka Pumpanen (2), Jussi Saarinen (1), Frank Berninger (1)

iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, Volume 11, Issue 6, Pages 705-712 (2018)
doi: https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor2658-011
Published: Nov 06, 2018 - Copyright © 2018 SISEF

Research Articles


Even-aged forests usually act as carbon sinks during most of their rotation. However, after clearcut they become sources of carbon for a period of several years. Applying uneven-aged forest management with selective cuttings will maintain tree cover and reduce the environmental impact on forest floor. The aim of this study was to compare the soil CO2 efflux between uneven-aged and even-aged Norway spruce stands with similar site properties, to investigate the effect of management practices on soil CO2 efflux and its possible correlation with soil environmental and chemical properties. We measured soil CO2 efflux in even- and uneven-aged Norway spruce stands (Picea abies [L.] Karst) in southern Finland during the summer of 2013 using closed chamber method on fixed measuring points. The study included two uneven-aged stands and two even-aged stands (a clearcut site and a mature even-aged stand). Soil moisture and soil temperature were measured at the same time as soil CO2 efflux. Soil cores were collected from the topsoil of each study plot to determine soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations. Mean soil CO2 efflux through the summer was highest in the clearcut plot (0.367 mg m-2 s-1) followed by the uneven-aged stands (0.298 and 0.257 mg m-2 s-1, respectively) and the smallest fluxes were measured in the mature even-aged stand (0.224 mg m-2 s-1). There was no statistically significant difference in soil CO2 efflux between the even- and uneven-aged stands of the same site fertility. Even- and uneven-aged stands did not differ significantly in soil moisture or soil temperature. Soil CO2 efflux increased steadily with soil temperature, whereas increasing soil moisture considerably increased soil CO2 efflux at lower moisture levels but only moderately at higher soil moisture levels. Soil carbon and nitrogen concentration did not differ between the study plots of the same fertility. Uneven-aged structure forestry did not prevent the increase in soil CO2 efflux after cuttings. However, the large variation in soil CO2 efflux rates within the uneven-aged stands suggests that the stand level CO2 efflux can be controlled with the intensity of the cutting.

  Keywords


Uneven-aged Forest Structure, Even-aged Forest Structure, Soil CO2 Efflux, Norway spruce

Authors’ address

(1)
Atte Kumpu
Annikki Mäkelä
Jussi Saarinen
Frank Berninger
University of Helsinki, Department of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 27 (Latokartanonkaari 7) FI-00014 Helsinki (Finland)
(2)
Jukka Pumpanen
University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio (Finland)

Corresponding author

 

Citation

Kumpu A, Mäkelä A, Pumpanen J, Saarinen J, Berninger F (2018). Soil CO2 efflux in uneven-aged and even-aged Norway spruce stands in southern Finland. iForest 11: 705-712. - doi: 10.3832/ifor2658-011

Academic Editor

Ana Rey

Paper history

Received: Oct 20, 2017
Accepted: Sep 18, 2018

First online: Nov 06, 2018
Publication Date: Dec 31, 2018
Publication Time: 1.63 months

Breakdown by View Type

(Waiting for server response...)

Article Usage

Total Article Views: 40924
(from publication date up to now)

Breakdown by View Type
HTML Page Views: 35212
Abstract Page Views: 2447
PDF Downloads: 2652
Citation/Reference Downloads: 6
XML Downloads: 607

Web Metrics
Days since publication: 2158
Overall contacts: 40924
Avg. contacts per week: 132.75

Article Citations

Article citations are based on data periodically collected from the Clarivate Web of Science web site
(last update: Feb 2023)

Total number of cites (since 2018): 2
Average cites per year: 0.33

 

Publication Metrics

by Dimensions ©

Articles citing this article

List of the papers citing this article based on CrossRef Cited-by.

 
(1)
Bates D, Mächler M, Bolker BM, Walker SC (2015)
Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software 67: 1-48.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(2)
Berrill J, O’Hara KL (2014)
Estimating site productivity in irregular stand structures by indexing the basal area or volume increment of the dominant species. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44: 92-100.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(3)
Buchmann N (2000)
Biotic and abiotic factors controlling soil respiration rates in Picea abies stands. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 32: 1625-1635.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(4)
Cajander AK (1926)
The theory of forest types, Acta Forestalia Fennica 29 (3): 1-108.
Gscholar
(5)
Cajander AK (1949)
Metsätyypit ja niiden merkitys [Forest types and their signifigance]. Acta Forestalia Fennica 56 (4): 1-71. [in Finnish]
Gscholar
(6)
Deluca TH, Boisvenue C (2012)
Boreal forest soil carbon: distribution, function and modelling. Forestry 85: 161-184.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(7)
Freibauer A, Rounsevell MDA, Smith P, Verhagen J (2004)
Carbon sequestration in the agricultural soils of Europe. Geoderma 122: 1-23.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(8)
Gates DM (1980)
Biophysical ecology. Springer, New York, USA, pp. 611.
Gscholar
(9)
Government of Finland (2013)
The decree for sustainable management and use of forests (1308/2013). Forest law no. 1308/1996, issued on 30 Dec 2013, Helsinky, Finland.
Gscholar
(10)
Helmisaari H, Makkonen K, Kellomäki S, Valtonen E, Mälkönen E (2002)
Below- and above-ground biomass, production and nitrogen use in Scots pine stands in eastern Finland. Forest Ecology and Management 165: 317-326.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(11)
Hotanen J, Nousiainen H, Mäkipää R, Reinikainen A, Tonteri T (2008)
Metsätyypit: opas kasvupaikkojen luokitteluun [Forest types: a guide for site type classification]. Metsäkustannus, Helsinki, Finland, pp. 182. [in Finnish]
Gscholar
(12)
Hyvönen R, Olsson BA, Lundkvist H, Staaf H (2000)
Decomposition and nutrient release from Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Pinus sylvestris L. logging residues. Forest Ecology and Management 126: 97-112.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(13)
IGBP Terrestrial Carbon Working Group (1998)
The terrestrial carbon cycle: implications for the Kyoto protocol. Science 280: 1393-1394.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(14)
Janssen IA, Pilegaard K (2003)
Large seasonal changes in Q10 of soil respiration in a beech forest. Global Change Biology 9: 911-918.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(15)
Karhu K (2010)
Temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition in boreal soils. PhD thesis, the Department of Forest Sciences, the University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, pp. 59.
Gscholar
(16)
Kasurinen V, Alfredsen K, Kolari P, Mammarella I, Alekseychik P, Rinne J, Vesala T, Bernier P, Boike J, Langer M, Belelli Marchesini L, Van Huissteden K, Dolman H, Sachs T, Ohta T, Varlagin A, Rocha A, Arain A, Oechel W, Lund M, Grelle A, Lindroth A, Black A, Aurela M, Laurila T, Lohila A, Berninger F (2014)
Latent heat exchange in the boreal and arctic biomes. Global Change Biology 20: 3439-3456.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(17)
Kätterer T, Reichstein M, Andrén O, Lomander A (1998)
Temperature dependence of organic matter decomposition: a critical review using literature data analyzed with different models. Biology and Fertility of Soils 27: 258-262.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(18)
Kolari P, Pumpanen J, Rannik U, Ilvesniemi H, Hari P, Berninger F (2004)
Carbon balance of different aged Scots pine forests in Southern Finland. Global Change Biology 10: 1106-1119.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(19)
Lahti T, Väisänen RA (1987)
Ecological gradients of boreal forests in South Finland: an ordination test of Cajander’s forest site type theory. Vegetatio 68: 145-156.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(20)
Law BE, Thornton PE, Irvine J, Anthoni PM, Van Tuyl S (2001)
Carbon storage and fluxes in ponderosa pine forests at different developmental stages. Global Change Biology 7: 755-777.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(21)
Lin CJ, Laiho O, Lähde E (2012)
Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) regeneration and growth of understory trees under single-tree selection silviculture in Finland. European Journal of Forest Research 131: 683-691.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(22)
Liski J, Westman CJ (1997)
Carbon storage in forest soil of Finland. 2. Size and regional pattern. Biogeochemistry 36: 261-274.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(23)
Lloyd J (1999)
The CO2 dependence of photosynthesis, plant growth responses to elevated CO2 concentrations and their interaction with soil nutrient status. II. Temperate and boreal forest productivity and the combined effects of increasing CO2 concentrations and increased nitrogen deposition at a global scale. Functional Ecology 13: 439-459.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(24)
Lundqvist L (2017)
Tamm review: selection system reduces long-term volume growth in Fennoscandic uneven-aged Norway spruce forests. Forest Ecology and Management 391: 362-375.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(25)
Martin JG, Bolstad PV (2009)
Variation of soil respiration at three spatial scales: Components within measurements, intra-site variation and patterns on the landscape. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 41: 530-543.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(26)
Nilsen P, Strand L (2013)
Carbon stores and fluxes in even- and uneven-aged Norway spruce stands. Silva Fennica 47 (4): 1-15.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(27)
Post WM, Emanuel WR, Zinke PJ, Stangenberger AG (1982)
Soil carbon pools and world life zones. Nature 298: 156-159.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(28)
Pukkala T, Lähde E, Laiho O (2011)
Metsän jatkuva kasvatus. [Continuous cover forestry]. Joen Forest Program Consulting, Joensuu, Finland, pp. 229. [in Finnish]
Gscholar
(29)
Pumpanen J (2003)
CO2 efflux from boreal forest soil before and after clear-cutting and site preparation. PhD thesis, Department of Forest Ecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, pp. 51.
Gscholar
(30)
Pumpanen J, Kulmala L, Lindén A, Kolari P, Nikinmaa E, Hari P (2015)
Seasonal dynamics of autotrophic respiration in boreal forest soil estimated by continuous chamber measurements. Boreal Environment Research 20: 637-650.
Online | Gscholar
(31)
Ramirez KS, Craine JM, Fierer N (2010)
Nitrogen fertilization inhibits soil microbial respiration regardless of the form of nitrogen applied. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 42: 2336-2338.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(32)
Rayment MB (2000)
Closed chamber systems underestimate soil CO2 efflux. European Journal of Soil Science 51: 107-110.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(33)
Risk D, Kellman L, Beltrami H (2002)
Soil CO2 production and surface flux at four climate observatories in eastern Canada. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 16: 69-1.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(34)
R Core Team (2014)
R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
Online | Gscholar
(35)
RStudio Team (2015)
RStudio: integrated development for R. RStudio Inc., Boston, MA, USA.
Online | Gscholar
(36)
Skopp J, Jawson MD, Doran JW (1990)
Steady-state aerobic microbial activity as a function of soil water content. Soil Science Society of America Journal 54: 1619-1625.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(37)
Tahvonen O (2007)
Optimal choice between even- and uneven-aged forest management systems. Working Papers of the Finnish Forest Research Institute, Helsinki, pp. 35.
Gscholar
(38)
Tahvonen O (2011)
Optimal structure and development of uneven-aged Norway spruce forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41: 2389-2402.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(39)
Tamminen P (1998)
Maaperätekijät [Soil factors]. In: “Ympäristömuutos ja metsien kunto: metsien terveydentilan tutkimusohjelman loppuraportti” [Environmental change and forest health: final report for the research program for forest health] (Mälkönen E ed). Metsäntutkimuslaitos, Vantaa, Finland, pp. 65-74. [in Finnish]
Gscholar
(40)
Tanskanen H, Granström A, Venäläinen A, Puttonen P (2006)
Moisture dynamics of moss-dominated surface fuel in relation to the structure of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris stands. Forest Ecology and Management 226: 189-198.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(41)
Thornley JHM, Cannell MGR (2000)
Managing forests for wood yield and carbon storage: a theoretical study. Tree Physiology 20: 477-484.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(42)
Tonteri T, Hotanen J, Kuusipalo J (1990)
The Finnish forest site type approach: ordination and classification studies of mesic forest sites in southern Finland. Vegetatio 87: 85-98.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(43)
Tukey JW (1949)
Comparing individual means in the analysis of variance. Biometrics 5: 99-114.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(44)
Zimmermann S, Frey B (2002)
Soil respiration and microbial properties in an acid forest soil: effects of wood ash. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 34: 1727-1737.
CrossRef | Gscholar
 

This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. More info