In central Spain, post-transplant water stress produces high seedling mortality after the first summer following outplanting. Our study was designed to determine whether survival and performance of outplanted stone pine (Pinus pinea) and holm oak (Quercus ilex) seedlings in a burned area could be improved by summer irrigation and mulching and to identify whether there is a species-specific adaptive capacity to respond to treatment and environment. Seedlings were outplanted in March 2011 in 200 planting holes in an area of 1.1 ha. Mulch was added in June; irrigation started in July and was repeated every week until mid-September. The severity of the 2011 summer drought constrained growth rates and photosynthetic characteristics, mainly in the non-irrigated seedlings, whose survival at the end of the year after planting was approximately 2.5%. Stone pine and holm oak seedlings responded more to irrigation than to mulching in terms of shoot growth, biomass and survival. Furthermore, stone pine seedlings were found to be more responsive to the partial alleviation of summer drought than holm oak seedlings. Irrigation alone produced similar results to those obtained when both irrigation and mulching were employed. In conclusion, first year summer irrigation should be considered as a planned adaptation measure in the management of outplanted Mediterranean ecosystems, because once a gravimetrically measured soil moisture level as low as 2% is achieved seedling survival and physiological performance can be guaranteed. However, the repercussions for the potential persistence of both species in the area will not only be related to the recurrence and intensity of summer droughts but also to drought duration.
Keywords
, , , , ,
Citation
Pardos M, Calama R, Mayoral C, Madrigal G, Sánchez-González M (2015). Addressing post-transplant summer water stress in Pinus pinea and Quercus ilex seedlings. iForest 8: 348-358. - doi: 10.3832/ifor1256-007
Academic Editor
Gianfranco Minotta
Paper history
Received: Jan 29, 2014
Accepted: Jul 20, 2014
First online: Sep 16, 2014
Publication Date: Jun 01, 2015
Publication Time: 1.93 months
© SISEF - The Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology 2015
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Breakdown by View Type
(Waiting for server response...)
Article Usage
Total Article Views: 51825
(from publication date up to now)
Breakdown by View Type
HTML Page Views: 44102
Abstract Page Views: 2696
PDF Downloads: 3758
Citation/Reference Downloads: 30
XML Downloads: 1239
Web Metrics
Days since publication: 3719
Overall contacts: 51825
Avg. contacts per week: 97.55
Article Citations
Article citations are based on data periodically collected from the Clarivate Web of Science web site
(last update: Feb 2023)
Total number of cites (since 2015): 7
Average cites per year: 0.78
Publication Metrics
by Dimensions ©
Articles citing this article
List of the papers citing this article based on CrossRef Cited-by.
(1)
Adams JC (1997)Mulching improves early growth of four oak species in plantation establishment. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 21 (1): 44-46.
Online |
Gscholar
(2)
Andivia E, Carevic F, Fernández M, Alejano R, Vázquez-Piqué J, Tapias R (2012)Seasonal evolution of water status after outplanting of two provenances of holm oak nursery seedlings. New Forests 43: 815-824.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(3)
Bautista OM, Sparling Y (2009)PARM_ICE: Parametric survival models for interval censored data with time-dependent covariates (3.0 edn). Web site.
Online |
Gscholar
(4)
Badano E, Pérez D, Vergara CH (2009)Love of nurse plants is not enough for restoring oak forests in a seasonally dry tropical environment. Restoration Ecology 17 (5): 571-576.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(5)
Bellot J, Ortiz de Urbina JM (2008)Soil water content at the catchment level and plant water status relationships in a Mediterranean
Quercus ilex forest. Journal of Hydrology 357: 67-75.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(6)
Calama R, Montero G (2007)Cone and seed production from stone pine (
Pinus pinea L.) stands in Central Range (Spain). European Journal of Forest Research 126 (1): 23-35.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(7)
Calama R, Puértolas J, Madrigal G, Pardos M (2013a)Modeling the environmental response of leaf net photosynthesis in
Pinus pinea L. natural regeneration. Ecological Modelling 251: 9-21.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(8)
Calama R, Puértolas J, Madrigal G, Manso R, Pardos M (2013b)Modelización fisiológica de la supervivencia del regenerado de
P. pinea L: efecto de los factores ambientales [Physiological modeling of
Pinus pinea seedling survival according to the environmental conditions]. In: Proceedings of the “VI Spanish Forest Congress”. Vitoria (Spain) 10-14 June 2013. SECF, Spain, pp. 11. [ISBN: 978-84-937964-9-5]
Gscholar
(9)
Ceacero CJ, Díaz-Hernández JL, Del Campo AD, Navarro-Cerrillo RM (2012)Interactions between soil gravel content and neighboring vegetation control management in oak seedling establishment success in Mediterranean environments. Forest Ecology and Management 271: 10-18.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(10)
Chaves MM, Pereira JS, Maroco J, Rodrigues ML, Ricardo CPP, Osorio ML, Carvalho I, Faria T, Pinheiro C (2002)How plants cope with water stress in the field. Photosynthesis and growth. Annals of Botany 89: 907-916.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(11)
Chirino E, Vilagrosa A, Vallejo VR (2011)Using hydrogel and clay to improve the water status of seedlings for dryland restoration. Plant and Soil 344: 99-110.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(12)
Cobb WR, Will RE, Daniels RF, Jacobson MA (2008)Aboveground biomass and nitrogen in four short-rotation woody crop species growing with different water and nutrient availabilities. Forest Ecology and Management 255: 4032-4039.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(13)
Costa M, Morla C, Sainz H (1997)Los bosques ibéricos. Una interpretación geobotánica [Iberians forests: a geobotanical interpretation]. Planeta, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 598.
Gscholar
(14)
Craven D, Dent D, Braden D, Ashton MS, Berlyn GP, Hall JS (2011)Seasonal variability of photosynthetic characteristics influences growth of eight tropical tree species at two sites with contrasting precipitation in Panama. Forest Ecology and Management 261: 1643-1653
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(15)
Cregg BM, Nzokou PY, Goldy R (2009)Growth and physiology of newly planted fraser fir (
Abies fraseri) and Colorado blue spruce (
Picea pungens) Christmas trees in response to mulch and irrigation. HortScience 44 (3): 660-665.
Online |
Gscholar
(16)
Dalton CT, Messina MG (1995)Water relations and growth of loblolly pine seedlings planted under a shelterwood and in a clear-cut. Tree Physiology 15: 19-26.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(17)
David TS, Ferreira MI, Cohen S, Pereira JS, David JS (2004)Constraints on transpiration from an evergreen oak tree in southern Portugal. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 122: 193-205
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(18)
Filella I, Llusià J. Piñol J, Peñuelas J (1998)Leaf gas exchange and fluorescence of
Phillyrea latifolia,
Pistacia lentiscus and
Quercus ilex saplings in severe drought and high temperature conditions. Environmental and Experimental Botany 39: 213-220
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(19)
Fonseca F, de Figueiredo T, Martins A (2011)Survival and early growth of mixed forest stands installed in a Mediterranean region: effects of site preparation intensity. Forest Ecology and Management 262: 1905-1912
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(20)
Galle A, Florez-Sarasa I, El Aououad H, Flexas J (2011)The Mediterranean evergreen
Quercus ilex and the semiciduous
Cistus albidus differ in their leaf gas exchange regulation and acclimation to repeated drought and re-watering cycles. Journal of Experimental Botany 62(14): 5207-5216
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(21)
Gómez-Aparacio L, Valladares F, Zamora R (2006)Differential light responses of Mediterranean tree saplings: linking ecophysiology with regeneration niche in four co-occurring species. Tree Physiology 26: 947-958.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(22)
Gordo J, Calama R, Pardos M, Bravo F, Montero G (2012)La regeneración natural de
Pinus pinea L. y
Pinus pinaster Ait. en los arenales de la Meseta Castellana [Natural regeneration of
Pinus pinea L. and
Pinus pinaster Ait. in the sandy lands of the Northern Plateau]. IUGFS, Valladolid, Spain, pp. 254.
Gscholar
(23)
Gratani L, Bombelli A (2000)Correlation between leaf age and other leaf traits in three Mediterranean maquis shrub species:
Quercus ilex, Phillyrea latifolia and
Cistus incanus. Environmental and Experimental Botany 43: 141-153.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(24)
Grossnickle SC (2005)Importance of root growth in overcoming planting stress. New Forests 30: 273-294.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(25)
Grossnickle SC (2012)Why seedlings survive: influence of plant attributes. New Forests 43: 711-738.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(26)
Guàrdia M, Fernández J, Elena G, Fleck I (2012)Stomatal patchiness in the Mediterranean holm oak (
Quercus ilex L.) under water stress in the nursery and in the forest. Tree Physiology 32: 829-838.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(27)
Gyimah R, Nakao T (2007)Early growth and photosynthetic responses to light in seedlings of three tropical species differing in successional strategies. New Forests 33 (3): 217-236. doi:
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(28)
Himmelsbach W, Treviño-Garza EJ, González-Rodríguez H, González-Tagle MA, Gómez Meza MV, Aguirre Calderón OA, Eduardo Estrada Castillón A, Mitlöhner R (2012)Acclimatation of three co-occurring tree species to water stress and their role as site indicators in mixed pine-oak forests in the Sierra Madre Oriental, Mexico. European Journal of Forest Research 131 (2): 355-367.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(29)
Holmgren M (2000)Combined effects of shade and drought in tulip poplar seedlings: trade-off in tolerance or facilitation? Oikos 90: 67-78.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(30)
Hunt R, Causton DR, Shipley B, Askew AP (2002)A modern tool for classical plant growth analysis. Annals of Botany 90: 485-488.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(31)
Jiménez MN, Fernández-Ondoño E, Ripoll MA, Navarro FB, Gallego E, De Simón E, Lallena AM (2007)Influence of different post-planting treatments on the development in Holm oak afforestation. Trees 21 (4): 443-455.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(32)
Kramer DM, Johnson G, Kiirats O, Edwards GE (2004)New fluorescence parameters for the determination of QA redox state and excitation energy fluxes. Photosynthesis Research 79 (2): 209-218.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(33)
Kurjak D, Strelcová K, Ditmarová L, Priwitzer T, Kmet’ J, Homolák M (2012)Physiological response of irrigated and non-irrigated Norway spruce trees as a consequence of drought in field conditions. European Journal of Forest Research 131: 1737-1746.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(34)
Levitt J (1972)Responses of plants to environmental stresses. Academic Press, New York, USA, pp. 698.
Gscholar
(35)
Manso R, Pardos M, Keyes C, Calama R (2012)Modelling the spatio-temporal pattern of primary dispersal in Stone pine (
Pinus pinea L.) stands in the Northern Plateau (Spain). Ecological Modelling 226: 11-21.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(36)
Manso R, Fortin M, Calama R, Pardos M (2013)A novel modelling approach for seed germination in forest tree species. The
Pinus pinea L. cases study. Forest Ecology and Management 289: 515-524
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(37)
Montero G, Cañadas N, Yagüe S, Calama Sainz R, Garriga R, Bachiller A, Cañellas Rey de Viñas I (2003)Aportaciones al conocimiento de las masas de
Pinus pinea L. en los montes de Hoyo de Pinares (Ávila-España) [Contribution to the knowledge of
Pinus pinea L. stands in Hoyo de Pinares (Ávila, Spain)]. Montes 73: 30-40.
Online |
Gscholar
(38)
Moreira F, Catry F, Lopes T, Bulgalho MN, Rego F (2009)Comparing survival and size of resprouts and planted trees for post-fire forest restoration in central Portugal. Ecological Engineering 35: 870-873.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(39)
Morison JIL, Jarvis PG (1983)Direct and indirect effects of light on stomata in Scots pine and Sitka spruce. Plant Cell and Environment 6: 95-111.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(40)
Navarro RM, Del Campo A, Cortina J (2006)Factores que afectan al éxito de una repoblación y su relación con la calidad de planta [Factors affecting afforestation success and their relationship with seedling quality]. In: “Calidad de planta forestal para la restauración en ambientes Mediterráneos” (Cortina J, Peñuelas JL, Puértolas J, Savé R, Vilagrosa A eds). M Medio Ambiente, Madrid, Spain, pp. 31-46.
Gscholar
(41)
Nikiema P, Nzokou P, Rothstein D (2012)Effects of groundcover management on soil properties, tree physiology, foliar chemistry and growth in a newly established Fraser fir (
Abies fraseri [Pursh] Poir) plantation in Michigan, United States of America. New Forests 43. New Forests 43 (2): 213-230.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(42)
Ogaya R, Peñuelas J (2003a)Comparative field study of
Quercus ilex and
Phillyrea latifolia: photosynthetic response to experimental drought conditions. Environmental and Experimental Botany 50: 137-148.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(43)
Ogaya R, Peñuelas J (2003b)Comparative seasonal gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of two dominant woody species in a holm oak forest. Flora 198: 132-141.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(44)
Ogaya R, Peñuelas J, Asensio D, Llusià J (2011)Chlorophyll fluorescence responses to temperature and water availability in two co-dominant Mediterranean shrub and tree species in a long-term field experiment simulating climate change. Environmental and Experimental Botany 73: 89-93.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(45)
Pardos M, Puértolas J, Madrigal G, Garriga E, De Blas S, Calama R (2010)Seasonal changes in the physiological activity of the regeneration under a natural gradient in a
Pinus pinea regular stand. Forest Systems 19 (3): 367-380.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(46)
Pausas JG, Bladé C, Valdecantos A, Seva JP, Fuentes D, Alloza JA, Vilagrosa A, Bautista S, Cortina J, Vallejo R (2004)Pines and oaks in the restoration of Mediterranean landscapes of Spain: New perspectives for an old practice - a review. Plant Ecology 171 (1/2): 209-220.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(47)
Quero JL, Villar R, Marañón T, Zamora R (2006)Interactions of drought and shade effects on seedlings of four
Quercus species: physiological and structural leaf responses. New Phytologist 170: 819-834.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(48)
Rey-Benayas JM (1998)Growth and mortality in Quercus ilex L. seedlings after irrigation and artificial shading on Mediterranean set-aside agricultural lands. Annals of Forest Sciences 55: 801-807.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(49)
Rey-Benayas JM, Camacho-Cruz A (2004)Performance of
Quercus ilex saplings planted in abandoned Mediterranean cropland after long-term interruption of their management. Forest Ecology and Management 194: 223-233.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(50)
Rodrigo A, Quintana V, Retana J (2007)Fire reduces
Pinus pinea distribution in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula. Ecoscience 14 (1): 23-30.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(51)
Rolo V, Plieninger T, Moreno G (2013)Facilitation of holm oak recruitment through two contrasted shrubs species in Mediterranean grazed woodlands. Journal of Vegetation Science 24: 344-355.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(52)
Rosenqvist E, Van Kooten O (2003)Chlorophyll fluorescence: a general description and nomenclature. In: “Practical applications of chlorophyll fluorescence in plant biology” (DeEll JR, Toivonen PMA eds). Kluwer Academic Pub, Boston, Dordrecht, London, pp. 31-37.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(53)
Ruiz-Peinado R, Montero G, del Río M (2011)New models for estimating the carbon sink capacity of Spanish softwood species. Forest Systems 20 (1): 176-188.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(54)
Sack L, Grubb PJ (2002)The combined impacts of deep shade and drought on the growth and biomass allocation of shade-tolerant woody species. Oecologia 131: 171-185.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(55)
Schupp EW (1995)Seed-seedling conflicts, habitat choice, and patterns of plant recruitment. American Journal of Botany 82: 399-409.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(56)
Siles G, Rey PJ, Alcántara JM, Bastida JM, Herreros JL (2010)Effects of soil enrichment, watering and seedling age on establishment of Mediterranean woody species. Acta Oecologica 36: 357-364.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(57)
Skroch WA, Powell MA, Bilderback TE, Henry PH (1992)Mulches: durability, aesthetic value, weed control and temperature. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 10 (1): 43-45.
Gscholar
(58)
So Y, Johnston G (2010)Analysing interval-censored survival data with SAS software. In: Proceeding of the “SAS Global Forum Conference 2010”. Seattle (WA, USA), 11-14 April 2010. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA, paper #257, pp. 1-13.
Gscholar
(59)
Soliveres S, Monerris J, Cortina J (2012)Irrigation, organic fertilization and species successional stage modulate the response of woody seedlings to herbaceous competition in a semi-arid quarry restoration. Applied Vegetation Science 15: 175-186.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(60)
Sparling Y, Younes N, Lachin JM, Bautista OM (2006)Parametric survival models for interval-censored data with time-depedent covariates. Biostatistics 7 (4): 599-614.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(61)
Stephens SC, Millar CI, Collins BM (2010)Operational approaches to managing forests of the future in Mediterranean regions within a context of changing climates. Environmental Research Letters 5: 1-9.
Online |
Gscholar
(62)
Sun J, Zhao Q, Zhao X (2005)Generalized log-rank test for interval-censored failure time data. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 32: 49-57.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(63)
Valladares FI, Dobarro I, Sánchez-Gómez D, Pearcy RW (2005)Photoinhibition and drought in Mediterranean woody samplings: scaling effects and interactions in sun and shade phenotypes. Journal of Experimental Botany 56: 483-494.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(64)
Vallejo VR, Smanis A, Chirino E, Fuentes D, Valdecantos A, Vilagrosa A (2012)Perspectives in dryland restoration: approaches for climate change adaptation. New Forests 43: 561-579.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(65)
Verbeke G, Molenberghs G (2000)Linear mixed models for longitudinal data. Springer Series in Statistics, Springer-Verlag. New York, pp. 568.
Gscholar
(66)
Villar-Salvador P, Puértolas J, Cuesta B, Peñuelas JL, Uscola M, Heredia-Guerrero N, Rey Benayas JM (2012)Increase in size and nitrogen concentration enhances seedling survival in Mediterranean plantations. Insights from an ecophysiological conceptual model of plant survival. New Forests 43 (5-6): 755-770.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(67)
Villar-Salvador P, Peñuelas JL, Jacobs DF (2013)Nitrogen nutrition and drought hardening exert opposite effects on the stress tolerance of
Pinus pinea L. seedlings. Tree Physiology 33 (2): 221-232.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(68)
Wellner JA, Zhan Y (1997)A hybrid algorithm for computation of the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator for censored data. Journal of the American Statistics Assoiation 92: 945-959.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(69)
Xu L, Baldocchi DD (2003)Seasonal trends in photosynthetic parameters and stomatal conductance of blue oak (
Quercus douglasii) under prolongued summer drought and high temperature. Tree Physiology 23: 865-877.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(70)
Zhao Q, Sun J (2004)Generalized log-rank test for mixed interval-censored failure time data. Statistics and Medicine 23: 1621-1629.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
