Measuring natural sap production in sugar maple at daily temporal resolution

doi:10.3832/ifor4591-017

Measuring natural sap production in sugar maple at daily temporal resolution

Sara Yumi Sassamoto Kurokawa⁽¹⁾ , Gaurisha Bhatt^(1-2), Gian De Lima Santos⁽¹⁾, Roberto Silvestro⁽¹⁾, Sylvain Delagrange⁽³⁾, Sergio Rossi⁽¹⁾

iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, Volume 17, Issue 5, Pages 323-330 (2024)
doi: https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor4591-017
Published: Oct 19, 2024 - Copyright © 2024 SISEF

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Geo-mapping

Sap yield for maple syrup production is well studied at annual scale. However, the phenological timings of sap production have been less explored. Our study tested the use of rain gauges for monitoring timings and dynamics of sap production at daily temporal resolution. The batteries of the rain gauges were tested under controlled conditions at temperatures ranging from -20 to 5 °C and logging intervals of 15 and 30 minutes. In 2022, eight rain gauges were installed in the field on maples located in four sites along a latitudinal gradient in Quebec, Canada. The batteries performed well at all temperatures in both field and controlled conditions, showing a higher state of charge at logging intervals of 30 minutes with temperatures warmer than -15 °C. The dynamics of sap exudation were correlated among and within sites, demonstrating that trees respond to common environmental factors at regional scale. The natural sap production was discontinuous, alternating productive and non-productive days. Overall, 74% of the sap was exudated during 20% of the sugar season, which matched the proportions described by the Pareto law. Such a heterogeneous and unbalanced distribution in sap exudation exposes small producers to challenges for the use of equipment and makes maple syrup production sensitive to climate hazards in a context of climate change.

Keywords

Acer saccharum Marsh., State of Charge, Rain Gauge, Sap Exudation, Sap Yield, Tipping Bucket

Authors’ address

(1)

0000-0003-1791-1778
0009-0002-2187-8835
0000-0001-7598-7389
0000-0003-2739-1534
0000-0002-9919-0494
Laboratoire sur les Écosystèmes Terrestres Boréaux, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l’Université, Chicoutimi, G7H2B1, QC (Canada)

(2)

0009-0002-2187-8835
University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 (India)

(3)

0000-0001-8669-4282
Department of Natural Sciences, Université du Québec en Outaouais - UQO, 58 Main Street, Ripon, QC J0V1W0 (Canada)

Corresponding author

Sara Yumi Sassamoto Kurokawa
syskurokaw@etu.uqac.ca

Citation

Kurokawa SYS, Bhatt G, De Lima Santos G, Silvestro R, Delagrange S, Rossi S (2024). Measuring natural sap production in sugar maple at daily temporal resolution. iForest 17: 323-330. - doi: 10.3832/ifor4591-017

Academic Editor

Paola Cetera

Paper history

Received: Feb 20, 2024
Accepted: Aug 26, 2024

First online: Oct 19, 2024
Publication Date: Oct 31, 2024
Publication Time: 1.80 months

Open Access

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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