Dielectric properties of paraffin wax emulsion/copper azole compound system treated wood

doi:10.3832/ifor2879-012

In order to investigate the interactions among the waterproof agent, preservative and wood, the dielectric relaxation was measured for untreated wood and wood samples treated with different paraffin wax emulsion/copper azole (CA) compound systems at oven-dried and air-dried state, respectively. The Cole-Cole plot analysis was then conducted and the results were as follow. At oven-dried state (-60 °C), the dielectric characteristics of paraffin wax emulsion treated wood were basically the same as those of untreated wood; CA treatment increased the dielectric constant but decreased the dielectric loss factor and the trends of these two characteristic parameters were more remarkable at higher CA concentration; the dielectric properties of compound system treated wood under C4A grade were similar to those of CA treated wood but an increase in impregnation of paraffin wax emulsion gave rise to decreased dielectric constant and increased loss factor. At air-dried state (20 °C, 65% RH), compared with untreated samples, both the dielectric constant and loss factor were lower in waterproofing agent treated wood and these parameters reduced with increasing waterproofing agent concentration; for CA treated samples, the values of dielectric parameters increased and the trend was similar to those treated with the compound system under C4A grade.

Keywords

Wood, Paraffin Wax Emulsion, Copper Azole, Dielectric Properties

Authors’ address

(1)

0000-0001-9774-9779
MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road 35, Haidian 100083, Beijing (China)

(2)

Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian 100091, Beijing (China)

Corresponding author

Ru Liu
liuru@criwi.org.cn

Citation

Liao Y, Ma E, Liu R (2019). Dielectric properties of paraffin wax emulsion/copper azole compound system treated wood. iForest 12: 199-206. - doi: 10.3832/ifor2879-012

Academic Editor

Giacomo Goli

Paper history

Received: Jun 03, 2018
Accepted: Jan 23, 2019

First online: Apr 10, 2019
Publication Date: Apr 30, 2019
Publication Time: 2.57 months

Open Access

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

Breakdown by View Type

(Waiting for server response...)

Article Usage

Total Article Views: 37694
(from publication date up to now)

Breakdown by View Type
HTML Page Views: 32048
Abstract Page Views: 2537
PDF Downloads: 2483
Citation/Reference Downloads: 0
XML Downloads: 626

Web Metrics
Days since publication: 1981
Overall contacts: 37694
Avg. contacts per week: 133.19

Article Citations

Article citations are based on data periodically collected from the Clarivate Web of Science web site
(last update: Feb 2023)

(No citations were found up to date. Please come back later)

(no Plumx Metrics available for this paper)

Publication Metrics

by Dimensions ^©

Articles citing this article

List of the papers citing this article based on CrossRef Cited-by.

(1)

Cao J, Zhao G (2001)
Dielectric relaxation based on adsorbed water in wood cell wall under non-equilibrium state 2. Holzforschung 55: 87-92.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(2)

Cao J, Yu L, You X, Pascal DK (2007)
Dielectric properties of copper-ethanolamine treated Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook.). Forest Study in China 9: 239-245.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(3)

Chau TT, Ma E (2015)
Moisture adsorption and hygroexpansion of paraffin wax emulsion-treated southern pine (Pinus spp.). Bioresources 10: 2719-2731.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(4)

Cole K, Cole R (1941)
Dispersion and adsorption in dielectrics. Journal of Chemical Physics 9: 341-351.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(5)

George G, Joseph K, Nagarajan ER, Jose ET, George KC (2013)
Dielectric behaviour of PP/ jute yarn commingled composites: effect of fibre content, chemical treatments, temperature and moisture. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 47: 12-21.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(6)

Hou Z, Chen Z, Wright R (2004)
Theoretical exploration of factors affecting dielectric constants of masson pine. Holzforschung 58: 418-422.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(7)

Khan MA, Rizvi TZ, Abdullah N, Zaheer Y, Iqbal MZ, Sadiq S (2000)
Dielectrically observed consequences of microbial treatment of wood and bamboo. Holzforschung 54: 335-339.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(8)

Liu M, Zhong H, Ma E, Liu R (2018)
Resistance to fungal decay of paraffin wax emulsion/copper azole compound system treated wood. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation 129: 61-66.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(9)

Ma E, Zhao G (2012)
Special topics on wood physics. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, China, pp. 71-89.
Gscholar

(10)

Nelson SO (2004)
Agricultural applications of dielectric spectroscopy. Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy 39: 75-85.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(11)

Norimoto M (1976)
Dielectric properties of wood. Wood Research 59/60: 106-152.
Online | Gscholar

(12)

Norimoto M, Yamada T (1970)
The dielectric properties of wood. IV: On dielectric dispersions of oven-dried wood. Wood Research 50: 36-49.
Online | Gscholar

(13)

Sahin H, Ay N (2004)
Dielectric properties of hardwood species at microwave frequencies. Journal of Wood Science 50: 375-380.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(14)

Sreekumar PA, Saiter JM, Joseph K, Unnikrishnan G, Thomas S (2012)
Electrical properties of short sisal fibre reinforced polyester composites fabricated by resin transfer moulding. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 43: 507-511.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(15)

Sugimoto H, Takazawa R, Norimoto M (2005)
Dielectric relaxation due to heterogeneous structure in moist wood. Journal of Wood Science 56: 549-553.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(16)

Torgovnikov G (1993)
Dielectric properties of wood and wood-based material. Springer-Verlag, New York, USA, pp.135-143.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(17)

Wang J, Xie G, Li X (2011)
Study on water repellent performance improvement of ACQ wood preservative. Guangdong Forest Science and Technology 27: 59-61.
Online | Gscholar

(18)

Wang J, Tang S, Ma E, Cao J, Wang L (2014)
Properties of compound systems of paraffin wax emulsion and copper azole and treated wood. Agriculture Science and Technology 15: 222-224.
Online | Gscholar

(19)

Wang W, Zhu Y, Cao J, Pascal DK (2016)
Monitoring electrical properties of thermally modified wood as a possible tool for quality assessment. Holzforschung 70: 351-359.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(20)

Zhao G, Nishino Y, Nakao T (1994a)
Dielectric relaxation of water absorbed on formaldehyde-treated wood. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 40: 258-262.
Gscholar

(21)

Zhao G, Nishino Y, Nakao T (1994b)
Dielectric relaxation of water absorbed on acetylated wood. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 40: 571-576.
Gscholar

(22)

Zhong H, Wang J, Tang S, Ma E (2014)
CA-B/New-type paraffin emulsion compound system: study on the mould preservation property of treated wood. Agriculture Science and Technology 15: 2053-2056.
Gscholar