Decline of species population, low natural regeneration, and heavy competition on field sites require the planting of large seedling stocks to restore Taxus chinensis and Phoebe chekiangensis in tropical China. In this study, we examined the effects of different formulations and application rates of controlled-release fertilizers (CRF) of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on nursery seedling growth and nutritional attributes. The objective was to determine optimum formulation (N:P2O5 ratio) and application rate to increase nutrient reserves of the seedlings before transplanting to the field. Four formulations (17-9-13 to 19-6-14 N-P2O5-K2O ratios) and four application rates (1.5 kg m-3 to 4.5 kg m-3) were used in a double-factors factorial design with 3 replications. The results showed that CRF formulation can affect nutritional attributes, while application rate modified seedling growth and nutritional attributes. The optimum seedling response occurred with the 17-6-16 formulation at the rate of 3.5kg m-3. These findings will guide nursery practice in the production of high-quality seedlings for optimum survival and growth in the field.
Keywords
, , , ,
Citation
Chu X, Wang X, Zhang D, Wu X, Zhou Z (2019). Responses of Taxus chinensis and Phoebe chekiangensis seedlings to controlled-release fertilizer in various formulations and application rates. iForest 12: 254-261. - doi: 10.3832/ifor2714-012
Academic Editor
Gianfranco Minotta
Paper history
Received: Dec 20, 2017
Accepted: Feb 01, 2019
First online: May 03, 2019
Publication Date: Jun 30, 2019
Publication Time: 3.03 months
© SISEF - The Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology 2019
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Breakdown by View Type
(Waiting for server response...)
Article Usage
Total Article Views: 40565
(from publication date up to now)
Breakdown by View Type
HTML Page Views: 35645
Abstract Page Views: 1891
PDF Downloads: 2051
Citation/Reference Downloads: 3
XML Downloads: 975
Web Metrics
Days since publication: 2029
Overall contacts: 40565
Avg. contacts per week: 139.95
Article Citations
Article citations are based on data periodically collected from the Clarivate Web of Science web site
(last update: Feb 2023)
Total number of cites (since 2019): 8
Average cites per year: 1.60
Publication Metrics
by Dimensions ©
Articles citing this article
List of the papers citing this article based on CrossRef Cited-by.
(1)
Amponsah IG, Lieffers VJ, Comeau PG, Landhäusser SM (2004)Nitrogen-15 uptake by Pinus contorta seedlings in relation to phonological stage and season. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 19: 329-338.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(2)
An BY, Wei HX, Li LL, Guo P (2018)Nutrient uptake and utilization and antioxidants of fruits in red raspberry (
Rubus idaeus L.) cultivar “Autumn Bliss” in response to fertilization under extended photoperiod. Notulae Botanicae Hortigrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 46 (2): 440-448.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(3)
Burney OT, Jacobs DF (2011)Ungulate herbivory of regenerating conifers in relation to foliar nutrition and terpenoid production. Forest Ecology and Management 262: 1834-1845.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(4)
Chen YJ, Chen CY, Shen YC (1999)New toxoids from the seeds of Taxus chinensis. Journal of Natural Products 62: 149-151.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(5)
Chu XL, Zhang SG, Sun XM, Xu Y (2012)Mineral nutrition efficiency of controlled release fertilizers in net container seedlings of
Larix kampferi Sarg. Journal of Beijing Forestry University 34 (6): 47-54. [in Chinese with English Abstract]
Gscholar
(6)
Crick JC, Grime JP (1987)Morphological plasticity and mineral nutrition capture in two herbaceous species of contrasted ecology. New Phytologist 107: 403-414.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(7)
Deng QS, Zhu QQ, Lu CH (2008)Natural regeneration of
Taxus chinensis var.
mairei and its seed dispersal by frugivorous birds. Chinese Journal of Ecology 27 (5): 712-717. [in Chinese with English Abstract]
Gscholar
(8)
Devine WD, Harrington CA, Leonard LP (2007)Post-planting treatment increase growth of Oregon white oak (
Quercus garryana Dougl. Ex Hook.) seedlings. Restoration Ecology 15: 212-222.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(9)
Dickson A, Leaf AI, Hosner JF (1960)Dickson A, Leaf AI, Hosner JF (1960) Quality appraisal of white spruce and white pine seedling stock in nurseries. The Forestry Chronicle 36: 10-13.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(10)
Duan J, Xu CY, Jacobs DF, Ma LY, Wei HX, Jiang LN, Ren J (2013)Exponential nutrient loading shortens the cultural period of
Larix olgensis seedlings. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 28 (5): 409-418.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(11)
Earnshaw KM, Baribault TW, Jacobs DF (2016)Alternative field fertilization techniques to promote restoration of leguminous
Acacia koa on contrasting tropical sites. Forest Ecology and Management 376: 126-134.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(12)
Fu YL, Oliet JA, Li GL, Wang JX (2017)Effect of controlled release fertilizer type and rate on mineral nutrients, non-structural carbohydrates, and field performance of Chinese pine container-grown seedlings. Silva Fennica 51 (2): 1607.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(13)
Hawkins BJ (2007)Family variation in nutritional and growth traits in Douglas-fir seedlings. Tree Physiology 27: 911-919.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(14)
Hawkins BJ, Burgess D, Mitchell AK (2005)Growth and nutrient dynamics of western hemlock with conventional or exponential greenhouse fertilization and planting in different fertility conditions. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35: 1002-1016.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(15)
He B, Li YG, Ni ZX, Xu LA (2017)Transcriptome sequencing and SNP detection in
Phoebe chekiangensis. PeerJ 5: e3193.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(16)
Hermans C, Hammond JP, White PJ, Verbruggen N (2006)How do plants respond to nutrient shortage by biomass allocation? Trends in Plant Science 11 (12): 610-617.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(17)
Huat OK, Awang K, Hashim A, Majid NM (2002)Effects of fertilizers and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas on the growth and photosynthesis of
Azadirachta excels (Jack) Jacobs seedlings. Forest Ecology and Management 158: 51-58.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(18)
Irino KO, Iba Y, Ishizuka S, Kenzo T, Ripot S, Kendawang JJ, Miyashita N, Nara K, Hogetsu T, Ninomiya I, Iwasaki K, Sakurai K (2004)Effects of controlled-release fertilizer on growth and ectomycorrhizal colonization of pot-grown seedlings of the dipterocarp
Dryobalanops lanceolata in a tropical nursery. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 50 (5): 747-753.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(19)
Irino KO, Kang Y, Tanaka K, Hattori D, Ishizuka S, Ninomiya I, Iwasaki K, Kendawang JJ, Sakurai K (2005)Performance of pot-grown seedlings of the dipterocarp
Dryobalanops lanceolata with controlled-release fertilizer after transplantation to the shifting cultivation land in Sarawak, Malaysia. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 51 (3): 369-377.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(20)
Jacobs DF, Salifu KF, Seifert JR (2005)Growth and nutritional response of hardwood seedlings to controlled-release fertilization at outplanting. Forest Ecology and Management 214: 28-39.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(21)
Jia XM, Liu XP (2017)Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of the Chinese yew
Taxus chinensis (Taxaceae), an endangered and medicinally important tree species in China. Conservation Genetics Resources 9 (2): 197-199.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(22)
Klooster WS, Cregg BM, Fernandez RT, Zzokou P (2012)Growth and physiology of deciduous shade trees in response to controlled-release fertilizer. Scientia Horticulturae 135: 71-79.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(23)
Li XW, Gao Y, Wei HX, Xia HT, Chen QX (2017)Growth, biomass accumulation and foliar nutrient status in fragrant rosewood (
Dalbergia odorifera TC Chen) seedlings cultured with conventional and exponential fertilizations under different photoperiod regimes. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 63 (2): 153-162.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(24)
Li XW, Chen QX, Lei HQ, Wang JW, Yang S, Wei HX (2018)Nutrient uptake and utilization by fragrant rosewood (
Dalbergia odorifera) seedlings cultured with oligosaccharide addition under different lighting spectra. Forests 9: 29.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(25)
Morikawa CK, Saigusa M, Nakanishi H, Nishizawa NK, Mori S (2006)Overcoming Fe deficiency in guava (
Psidium guajava L.) by co-situs application of controlled release fertilizers. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 52: 754-759.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(26)
Oliet J, Planelles R, Segura ML, Artero FM, Jacobs DF (2004)Mineral nutrition and growth of containerized
Pinus halepensis seedlings under controlled-release fertilizer. Scientia Horticulturae 103: 113-129.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(27)
Oskarsson H, Sigurgeirsson A, Raulund-Rasmussen K (2006)Survival, growth, and nutrition of tree seedlings fertilized at planting on Andisol soils in Iceland: six-year results. Forest Ecology and Management 229: 88-97.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(28)
Reddell P, Webb MJ, Poa D, Aihuna D (1999)Incorporation of slow-release fertilisers into nursery media. New Forests 18: 277-287.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(29)
Ruthrof KX, Douglas TK, Calver MC, Barber PA, Dell B, St Hardy J GE (2010)Restoration treatments improve seedling establishment in a degraded Mediterranean-type Eucalyptus ecosystem. Australian Journal of Botany 58: 646-655.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(30)
Santelices R, Espinoza S, Ariza AC, Peña-Rojas K, Donoso SR (2013)Effect of shading and fertilization on the development of container-grown
Nothofagus glauca seedlings, a threatened species from central Chile. Southern Forests 75 (3): 145-148.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(31)
Sloan JL, Jacobs DF (2012)Leaf physiology and sugar concentrations of transplanted
Quercus rubra seedlings in relation to nutrient and water availability. New Forests 43: 779-790.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(32)
Sloan JL, Jacobs DF (2013)Fertilization at planting influences seedling growth and vegetative competition on a post-mining boreal reclamation site. New Forests 44 (5): 687-701.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(33)
Thomas P, Li N, Christian T (2013)Taxus chinensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013, eT42548A2987120, Web site.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(34)
Walker RF, Huntt C (2000)Production of containerized Jeffrey pine plantation stock for harsh sites: growth and nutrition as influenced by controlled-release fertilization. Western Journal of Applied Forestry 15 (2): 86-91.
Online |
Gscholar
(35)
Wang Y, Wang XH, Wu XL, Zhang LZ, Wu LR, Xu YM, Zhou ZC (2013)Effects of slow-release fertilizer loading on growth and construction of nutrients reserves of
Phoebe chekiangensis and
Phoebe bournei container seedlings. Scientia Silvae Sincae 49 (12): 57-63.
Online |
Gscholar
(36)
Wei HX, Ren J, Zhou JH (2013)Effect of exponential fertilization on growth and nutritional status in Buddhist pine (
Podocarpus macrophyllus [Thunb. ] D. Don) seedlings cultured in natural and prolonged photoperiods. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 59: 933-941.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(37)
Wei HX, Xu CY, Wang WJ, Duan J, Jiang LN (2014)Short-term nitrogen (N)-retranslocation within
Larix olgensis seedlings is driven to increase by N-deposition: evidence from a simulated 15N experiment in Northeast China. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 16: 1031-1040.
Online |
Gscholar
(38)
World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1998)Phoebe chekiangensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, eT32438A9707020, Web site.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(39)
Xiao Y, Chu XL, Wang XH, Zhang DB, Ye DW, Zhou ZC (2015)Effect of slow release fertilizer loading on growth and N, P accumulation of container growing seedlings for three precious tree species. Forest Research 28 (6): 781-787. [in Chinese with English Abstract]
Gscholar
(40)
Yu JH, Wang CJ, Han SJ, Wang QG, Nie SM (2014)A model-based method to evaluate the ability of nature reserves to protect endangered tree species in the context of climate change. Forest Ecology and Management 327: 48-54.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(41)
Yuan DM, Lin L, Yan CF, Wu Y, Cao LG, Liu QH, Zhou ZC (2012)Afforestation effect of three species of seedlings growing with light media in net Container. Journal of Northeast Forestry University 40 (3): 19-23. [in Chinese with English Abstract]
Online |
Gscholar
(42)
Zamunér Filho AN, Venturin N, Pereira AV, Pereira EB, Macedo RL (2012)Doses of controlled-release fertilizer for production of rubber tree rootstocks. Cerne 18 (2): 239-245.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(43)
Zang M, Qiu XL, Liu ZL, Wang Q, Lin HC, Zhong Y (2017)Analysis of population structure and spatial distribution Pattern of Phoebe chekiangensis in Sanqingshan mountain of Jiangxi Province. Journal of Anhui Normal University (Natural Science) 40 (5): 469-472. [in Chinese with English Abstract]
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(44)
Zhao Y, Dong WY, Zhang ZY, Li JY, Nie LS, Shen YB (2010)Effects of fertilization on seedling growth and photosynthesis of hybrid clone seedlings of
Populus tomentosa. Scientia Silvae Sinicae 46 (4): 70-77.
Gscholar
(45)
Zhu KY, Liu HC, Wei HX, Zhou JH, Zou QC, Ma GY, Zhang JQ (2016)Prediction of nutrient leaching from culture of containerized Buddhist pine and Japanese maple seedlings exposed to extended photoperiod. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 18: 425-434.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
