Forest biodiversity is a multifaceted term encompassing tree and shrub diversity and the diversity of other life forms such as animals or fungi. Extensive forest monitoring networks such as National Forest Inventories or the International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forest plots have implemented biodiversity-monitoring protocols to satisfy increasing information demands. However, these protocols often evaluate biodiversity through potential biodiversity indicators (e.g., stand structure and deadwood), which may not provide sufficient information on other aspects of the current forest biodiversity status. In this study, we present the forest biodiversity monitoring results and lessons from a cross-country study to support large-scale monitoring systems. We developed, evaluated, and discussed harmonized protocols, mainly focused on birds and mammals, which extend beyond the traditional features captured in large-scale forest inventories. We leverage information from 30 intensively monitored plots established in six European countries to achieve these goals. The protocols were helpful in recording data that could be used to reproduce biodiversity-related attributes such as measures of forest structure, regeneration, deadwood features, and bird and mammal diversity. Specifically, field data on trees was used to describe structural features of forests such as stand composition and forest complexity. In contrast, composition and regeneration data provided helpful information for other biodiversity indicators. Data gathering to monitor bird and mammal diversity requires revisiting the plots, which involves greater economic investment and human effort. Once the bird and mammal data have been collected, advanced algorithms could facilitate and enhance the efficiency of the analyses. To optimize the monitoring efficiency, we recommend including these two new biodiversity assessments in a subset of extensive survey plots. Furthermore, using standard guidelines for these new assessments across all countries would facilitate the comparison and reporting of statistical data.
Keywords
, , , , ,
Citation
Moreno-Fernández D, Breidenbach J, Cañellas I, Chirici G, D’Amico G, Ferretti M, Giannetti F, Puliti S, Schnell S, Shackleton R, Skudnik M, Alberdi I (2025). Enhancing forest biodiversity indicators in inventories through harmonized protocols. iForest 18: 109-120. - doi: 10.3832/ifor4778-018
Academic Editor
Marco Borghetti
Paper history
Received: Dec 19, 2024
Accepted: Feb 03, 2025
First online: May 20, 2025
Publication Date: Jun 30, 2025
Publication Time: 3.53 months
© SISEF - The Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology 2025
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Breakdown by View Type
(Waiting for server response...)
Article Usage
Total Article Views: 206
(from publication date up to now)
Breakdown by View Type
HTML Page Views: 28
Abstract Page Views: 127
PDF Downloads: 50
Citation/Reference Downloads: 0
XML Downloads: 1
Web Metrics
Days since publication: 2
Overall contacts: 206
Avg. contacts per week: 721.00
Article Citations
Article citations are based on data periodically collected from the Clarivate Web of Science web site
(last update: Mar 2025)
(No citations were found up to date. Please come back later)
Publication Metrics
by Dimensions ©
Articles citing this article
List of the papers citing this article based on CrossRef Cited-by.
(1)
Agouti (2024)AI powered solutions for wildlife camera-trapping projects. Wageningen University, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), website.
Online |
Gscholar
(2)
Aguirre O, Hui G, Gadow Von K, Jiménez J (2003)An analysis of spatial forest structure using neighbourhood-based variables. Forest Ecology and Management 183: 137-145.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(3)
Alberdi I, Cañellas I, Condes S (2014)A long-scale biodiversity monitoring methodology for Spanish national forest inventory. Application to Álava region. Forest Systems 23: 93-110.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(4)
Avitabile V, Pilli R, Migliavacca M, Duveiller G, Camia A, Blujdea V, Adolt R, Alberdi I, Barreiro S, Bender S, Borota D, Bosela M, Bouriaud O, Breidenbach J, Cañellas I, Cavlović J, Colin A, Di Cosmo L, Donis J, Fischer C, Freudenschuss A, Fridman J, Gasparini P, Gschwantner T, Hernández L, Korhonen K, Kulbokas G, Kvist V, Latte N, Lazdins A, Lejeune P, Makovskis K, Marin G, Maslo J, Michorczyk A, Mionskowski M, Morneau F, Myszkowski M, Nagy K, Nilsson M, Nord-Larsen T, Pantic D, Perin J, Redmond J, Rizzo M, Skudnik M, Snorrason A, Sroga R, Stoyanov T, Svensson A, Talarczyk A, Teeuwen S, Thürig E, Uva J, Mubareka S (2024)Harmonised statistics and maps of forest biomass and increment in Europe. Scientific Data 11: 274.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(5)
Baddeley A, Rubak E, Turner R (2015)Spatial point patterns: methodology and applications with R. Chapman and Hall/CRC Press, London, UK, pp. 828.
Gscholar
(6)
Barbati A, Marchetti M, Chirici G, Corona P (2014)European Forest Types and Forest Europe SFM indicators: tools for monitoring progress on forest biodiversity conservation. Forest Ecology and Management 321: 145-157.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(7)
Barbeito I, Cañellas I, Montes F (2009)Evaluating the behaviour of vertical structure indices in Scots pine forests. Annals of Forest Science 66: 710-710.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(8)
Burrascano S, Trentanovi G, Paillet Y, Heilmann-Clausen J, Giordani P, Bagella S, Bravo-Oviedo A, Campagnaro T, Campanaro A, Chianucci F, De Smedt P, Itziar GM, Matošević D, Sitzia T, Aszalós R, Brazaitis G, Andrea C, Ettore DA, Doerfler I, Hofmeister J, Hošek J, Janssen P, Kepfer Rojas S, Korboulewsky N, Kozák D, Lachat T, Lõhmus A, Lopez R, Mårell A, Matula R, Mikoláš M, Munzi S, Nordén B, Pärtel M, Penner J, Runnel K, Schall P, Svoboda M, Tinya F, Ujházyová M, Vandekerkhove K, Verheyen K, Xystrakis F, Odor P (2021)Handbook of field sampling for multi-taxon biodiversity studies in European forests. Ecological Indicators 132: 108266.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(9)
Burrascano S, Chianucci F, Trentanovi G, Kepfer-Rojas S, Sitzia T, Tinya F, Doerfler I, Paillet Y, Nagel TA, Mitic B, Morillas L, Munzi S, Van Der Sluis T, Alterio E, Balducci L, De Andrade RB, Bouget C, Giordani P, Lachat T, Matosevic D, Napoleone F, Nascimbene J, Paniccia C, Roth N, Aszalós R, Brazaitis G, Cutini A, Andrea E, De Smedt P, Heilmann-Clausen J, Janssen P, Kozák D, Mårell A, Mikoláš M, Nordén B, Matula R, Schall P, Svoboda M, Ujhazyova M, Vandekerkhove K, Wohlwend M, Xystrakis F, Aleffi M, Ammer C, Archaux F, Asbeck T, Avtzis D, Ayasse M, Bagella S, Balestrieri R, Barbati A, Basile M, Bergamini A, Bertini G, Biscaccianti AB, Boch S, Bölöni J, Bombi P, Boscardin Y, Brunialti G, Bruun HH, Buscot F, Byriel DB, Campagnaro T, Campanaro A, Chauvat M, Ciach M, Ciliak M, Cistrone L, Pereira JMC, Daniel R, De Cinti B, De Filippo G, Dekoninck W, Di Salvatore U, Dumas Y, Elek Z, Ferretti F, Fotakis D, Frank T, Frey J, Giancola C, Gomoryová E, Gosselin M, Gosselin F, Gossner MM, Götmark F, Haeler E, Hansen AK, Hertzog L, Hofmeister J, Hošek J, Johannsen VK, Justensen MJ, Korboulewsky N, Kovács B, Lakatos F, Landivar CM, Lens L, Lingua E, Lombardi F, Máliš F, Marchino L, Marozas V, Matteucci G, Mattioli W, Mller PF, Müller J, Németh C, Onodi G, Parisi F, Perot T, Perret S, Persiani AM, Portaccio A, Posillico M, Preikša A, Rahbek C, Rappa NJ, Ravera S, Romano A, Samu F, Scheidegger C, Schmidt IK, Schwegmann S, Sicuriello F, Spinu AP, Spyroglou G, Stillhard J, Topalidou E, Tttrup AP, Ujházy K, Veres K, Verheyen K, Weisser WW, Zapponi L, Odor P (2023)Where are we now with European forest multi-taxon biodiversity and where can we head to? Biological Conservation 284: 110176.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(10)
Chao A, Chiu C (2016)Species richness: estimation and comparison. In: “Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online” (Balakrishnan N, Colton T, Everitt B, Piegorsch W, Ruggeri F, Teugels JL eds). Wiley, website, pp. 1-26.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(11)
Chen L, Xiang W, Wu H, Ouyang S, Zhou B, Zeng Y, Chen Y, Kuzyakov Y (2019)Tree species identity surpasses richness in affecting soil microbial richness and community composition in subtropical forests. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 130: 113-121.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(12)
Chiarucci A, Bonini I (2005)Quantitative floristics as a tool for the assessment of plant diversity in Tuscan forests. Forest Ecology and Management 212: 160-170.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(13)
Chirici G, McRoberts RE, Winter S, Bertini R, Brändli U-B, Alberdi Asensio I, Bastrup-Birk A, Rondeux J, Barsoum N, Marchetti M (2012)National forest inventory contributions to forest biodiversity monitoring. Forest Science 58: 257-268.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(14)
Chirici G, Winter S, McRoberts R (2011)National forest inventories: contributions to forest biodiversity assessments (Chirici G, Winter S, McRoberts RE eds). Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, vol. 20, pp. 206.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(15)
Clark PJ, Evans FC (1954)Distance to nearest neighbor as a measure of spatial relationships in populations. Ecology 35: 445-453.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(16)
Corona P, Chirici G, McRoberts RE, Winter S, Barbati A (2011)Contribution of large-scale forest inventories to biodiversity assessment and monitoring. Forest Ecology and Management 262: 2061-2069.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(17)
Daan S (1976)Light intensity and the timing of daily activity of finches (Fringillidae). Ibis 118: 223-236.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(18)
EUFORGEN (2024)European Forest Genetic Resources Programme. Website.
Online |
Gscholar
(19)
FAO (2020)Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020. FAO, Rome Italy, pp. 14.
Online |
Gscholar
(20)
Felton A, Lindbladh M, Brunet J, Fritz O (2010)Replacing coniferous monocultures with mixed-species production stands: an assessment of the potential benefits for forest biodiversity in northern Europe. Forest Ecology and Management 260: 939-947.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(21)
Flack A, Aikens EO, Kölzsch A, Nourani E, Snell KRS, Fiedler W, Linek N, Bauer H-G, Thorup K, Partecke J, Wikelski M, Williams HJ (2022)New frontiers in bird migration research. Current Biology 32: R1187-R1199.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(22)
Forest Europe (2020)State of Europe’s forests 2020. Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe - FOREST EUROPE, Liaison Unit Bratislava, Slovak Republic, pp. 394.
Online |
Gscholar
(23)
Franchini M, Rullman S, Claramunt-López B (2022)A questionnaire-based investigation to explore the social and legal implications derived from the use of camera traps for wildlife monitoring and conservation. European Journal of Wildlife Research 68: 44.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(24)
Fritz O, Brunet J (2010)Epiphytic bryophytes and lichens in Swedish beech forests - Effects of forest history and habitat quality. Ecological Bulletins 53: 95-107.
Online |
Gscholar
(25)
Froidevaux JSP, Zellweger F, Bollmann K, Obrist MK (2014)Optimizing passive acoustic sampling of bats in forests. Ecology and Evolution 4: 4690-4700.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(26)
Funosas D, Barbaro L, Schillé L, Elger A, Castagneyrol B, Cauchoix M (2024)Assessing the potential of BirdNET to infer European bird communities from large-scale ecoacoustic data. Ecological Indicators 164: 112146.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(27)
Fussi B, Westergren M, Aravanopoulos F, Baier R, Kavaliauskas D, Finzgar D, Alizoti P, Bozic G, Avramidou E, Konnert M, Kraigher H (2016)Forest genetic monitoring: an overview of concepts and definitions. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 188: 493.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(28)
Garden JG, McAlpine CA, Possingham HP, Jones DN (2007)Using multiple survey methods to detect terrestrial reptiles and mammals: what are the most successful and cost-efficient combinations? Wildlife Research 34 (3): 218-227.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(29)
Gardner TA, Barlow J, Chazdon R, Ewers RM, Harvey CA, Peres CA, Sodhi NS (2009)Prospects for tropical forest biodiversity in a human-modified world. Ecology Letters 12: 561-582.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(30)
Green SE, Rees JP, Stephens PA, Hill RA, Giordano AJ (2020)Innovations in camera trapping technology and approaches: the integration of citizen science and artificial intelligence. Animals 10: 132.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(31)
Gregory R, Gibbons D, Donald P (2004)Bird census and survey techniques. In: “Bird Ecology and Conservation: A Handbook of Techniques” (Sutherland W, Newton I, Green R eds). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 17-56.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(32)
Halme P, Holec J, Heilmann-Clausen J (2017)The history and future of fungi as biodiversity surrogates in forests. Fungal Ecology 27: 193-201.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(33)
Hernández L, Cañellas I, Alberdi I, Torres I, Montes F (2014)Assessing changes in species distribution from sequential large-scale forest inventories. Annals of Forest Science 71: 161-171.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(34)
Hunter M (1990)Wildlife, forests and forestry: principles of managing forests for biological diversity. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA, pp. 370.
Online |
Gscholar
(35)
Hunter ML, Gibbs JP, Popescu VD (2021)Fundamentals of conservation biology (4th edn). Wiley-Blackwell, NJ, USA, pp. 672.
Gscholar
(36)
Jayathunga S, Owari T, Tsuyuki S (2018)Analysis of forest structural complexity using airborne LiDAR data and aerial photography in a mixed conifer-broadleaf forest in northern Japan. Journal of Forestry Research 29: 479-493.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(37)
Jones JPG, Collen B, Atkinson G, Baxter PWJ, Bubb P, Illian JB, Katzner TE, Keane A, Loh J, McDonald-Madden E, Nicholson E, Pereira HM, Possingham HP, Pullin AS, Rodrigues ASL, Ruiz-Guitierrez V, Sommerville M, Milner-Gulland EJ (2011)The why, what, and how of global biodiversity indicators beyond the 2010 target. Conservation Biology 25: 450-457.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(38)
Kahl S, Wood CM, Eibl M, Klinck H (2021)BirdNET: a deep learning solution for avian diversity monitoring. Ecological Informatics 61: 101236.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(39)
Koseka J, Buck A, Teissier du Cros E (2007)EUFORGEN Climate change and forest genetic diversity. Biodiversity International, Rome, Italy, pp. 111.
Gscholar
(40)
Lambeck RJ (1997)Focal species: a multi-species umbrella for nature conservation. Conservation Biology 11: 849-856.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(41)
Lelli C, Bruun HH, Chiarucci A, Donati D, Frascaroli F, Fritz O, Goldberg I, Nascimbene J, Tttrup AP, Rahbek C, Heilmann-Clausen J (2019)Biodiversity response to forest structure and management: comparing species richness, conservation relevant species and functional diversity as metrics in forest conservation. Forest Ecology and Management 432: 707-717.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(42)
Lin HT, Lam TY, Von Gadow K, Kershaw JA (2020)Effects of nested plot designs on assessing stand attributes, species diversity, and spatial forest structures. Forest Ecology and Management 457: 117658.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(43)
Li J, Zhu T, Singh BK, Pendall E, Li B, Fang C, Nie M (2021)Key microorganisms mediate soil carbon-climate feedbacks in forest ecosystems. Science Bulletin 66: 2036-2044.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(44)
Loyn RH, Kennedy SJ (2009)Designing old forest for the future: old trees as habitat for birds in forests of Mountain Ash
Eucalyptus regnans. Forest Ecology and Management 258: 504-515.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(45)
Mennicken S, Kondratow F, Buralli F, Manzi S, Andrieu E, Roy M, Brin A (2020)Effects of past and present-day landscape structure on forest soil microorganisms. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8: 118.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(46)
Moreno-Fernández D, Cañellas I, Alberdi I, Montes F (2021)Improved stand structure characterization from nested plot designs in the Spanish National Forest Inventory. Forestry 94: 244-257.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(47)
Moreno-Fernández D, Cañellas I, Hernández L, Adame P, Alberdi I (2024)Nested plot designs used in forest inventory do not accurately capture tree species richness in Southwestern European forests. Annals of Forest Science 81: 20.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(48)
Motiejunaite J, Børja I, Ostonen I, Bakker MR, Bjarnadottir B, Brunner I, Iršenaite R, Mrak T, Oddsdóttir ES, Lehto T (2019)Cultural ecosystem services provided by the biodiversity of forest soils: a European review. Geoderma 343 (8): 19-30.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(49)
Myllymäki M, Tuominen S, Kuronen M, Packalen P, Kangas A (2024)The relationship between forest structure and naturalness in the Finnish national forest inventory. Forestry 97: 339-348.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(50)
Niedballa J, Sollmann R, Courtiol A, Wilting A (2016)camtrapR: an R package for efficient camera trap data management. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 7: 1457-1462.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(51)
Oksanen J, Simpson GL, Blanchet FG, Kindt R, Legendre P, Minchin PR, Hara RB, Solymos P, Stevens MHH, Szoecs E, Wagner H, Barbour M, Bedward M, Bolker B, Borcard D, Carvalho G, Chirico M, De Caceres M, Durand S, Evangelista HBA, FitzJohn R, Friendly M, Furneaux B, Hannigan G, Hill MO, Lahti L, McGlinn D, Ouellette M-H, Ribeiro Cunha E, Smith T, Stier A, Ter Braak CJF, Weedon J (2024)vegan: community ecology package v 2:6-8. Website.
Online |
Gscholar
(52)
Oliveira N, Cañellas I, Fuertes A, Pascual S, González I, Montes F, Sixto H (2024)Beyond biomass production: enhancing biodiversity while capturing carbon in short rotation coppice poplar plantations. Science of the Total Environment 933: 172932.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(53)
Olsson S, Dauphin B, Jorge V, Grivet D, Farsakoglou AM, Climent J, Alizoti P, Faivre-Rampant P, Pinosio S, Milesi P, Scalabrin S, Bagnoli F, Scotti I, Vendramin GG, Gonzalez-Martinez SC, Fady B, Aravanopoulus FA, Bastien C, Alia R (2023)Diversity and enrichment of breeding material for resilience in European forests. Forest Ecology and Management 530: 120748.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(54)
Parajuli R, Markwith SH (2023)Quantity is foremost but quality matters: a global meta-analysis of correlations of dead wood volume and biodiversity in forest ecosystems. Biological Conservation 283: 110100.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(55)
Parisi F, Lombardi F, Sciarretta A, Tognetti R, Campanaro A, Marchetti M, Trematerra P (2016)Spatial patterns of saproxylic beetles in a relic silver fir forest (Central Italy), relationships with forest structure and biodiversity indicators. Forest Ecology and Management 381: 217-234.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(56)
PathFinder (2024)PathFinder: towards an integrated consistent European LULUCF monitoring and policy pathway assessment framework: PathFinder. EU Project “PathFinder”, Grant agreement 101056907, web site.
Online |
Gscholar
(57)
PECBMS (2024)Pan-european common bird monitoring scheme. Czech Society for Ornithology, Prague, Czech Republic, website.
Online |
Gscholar
(58)
Pommerening A (2002)Approaches to quantifying forest structures. Forestry 75: 305-324.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(59)
Pommerening A, Stoyan D (2006)Edge-correction needs in estimating indices of spatial forest structure. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36: 1723-1739.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(60)
Portier J, Zellweger F, Zell J, Alberdi Asensio I, Bosela M, Breidenbach J, Seben V, Wüest RO, Rohner B (2022)Plot size matters: toward comparable species richness estimates across plot-based inventories. Ecology and Evolution 12 (6): 691.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(61)
Puletti N, Chianucci F, Cesaretti L (2024)treespat: spatial diversity analysis for mapped tree data. BioRxiv. [preprint]
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(62)
Pérez-Granados C (2023)BirdNET: applications, performance, pitfalls and future opportunities. Ibis 165: 1068-1075.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(63)
Rempel RS, Francis CM, Robinson JN, Campbell M (2013)Comparison of audio recording system performance for detecting and monitoring songbirds. Journal of Field Ornithology 84: 86-97.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(64)
Ritter T, Saborowski J (2014)Efficient integration of a deadwood inventory into an existing forest inventory carried out as two-phase sampling for stratification. Forestry 87: 571-581.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(65)
Rondeux J, Sanchez C (2010)Review of indicators and field methods for monitoring biodiversity within national forest inventories. Core variable: Deadwood. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 164: 617-630.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(66)
Russo D, Salinas-Ramos VB, Cistrone L, Smeraldo S, Bosso L, Ancillotto L (2021)Do we need to use bats as bioindicators? Biology. 10: 693.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(67)
Saccá ML, Caracciolo AB, Di Lenola M, Grenni P (2017)Ecosystem services provided by soil microorganisms. In: “Soil Biological Communities and Ecosystem Resilience” (Lukac M, Grenni P, Gamboni M eds). Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 9-24.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(68)
Serrano MS, Villa-Sanabria E, Homet P, Gutiérrez E, Gómez-Aparicio L (2024)Impact of a drier climate on the exotic pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi in Mediterranean forests differing in soil properties and species composition. Forest Ecology and Management 556 (2): 121721.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(69)
Sethi SS, Bick A, Chen M-Y, Crouzeilles R, Hillier BV, Lawson J, Lee C-Y, Liu S-H, De Freitas Parruco CH, Rosten CM, Somveille M, Tuanmu M-N, Banks-Leite C (2024)Large-scale avian vocalization detection delivers reliable global biodiversity insights. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 121 (33): e2315933121.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(70)
Shannon CE (1948)A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal 27: 379-423.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(71)
Simberloff D (1999)The role of science in the preservation of forest biodiversity. Forest Ecology and Management 115: 101-111.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(72)
Tinya F, Doerfler I, De Groot M, Heilman-Clausen J, Kovács B, Mårell A, Nordén B, Aszalós R, Bässler C, Brazaitis G, Burrascano S, Camprodon J, Chudomelová M, Cíek L, Andrea E, Gossner M, Halme P, Hédl R, Korboulewsky N, Kouki J, Kozel P, Lõhmus A, López R, Máliš F, Martín JA, Matteucci G, Mattioli W, Mundet R, Müller J, Nicolas M, Oldén A, Piqué M, Preikša Z, Rovira Ciuró J, Remm L, Schall P, Sebek P, Seibold S, Simončič P, Ujházy K, Ujházyová M, Vild O, Vincenot L, Weisser W, Odor P (2023)A synthesis of multi-taxa management experiments to guide forest biodiversity conservation in Europe. Global Ecology and Conservation 46: e02553.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(73)
Tøien O, Barnes BM, Ruf T (2022)Do bears hibernate in the woods? Comment on “Why bears hibernate? Redefining the scaling energetics of hibernation”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 12 (289): 20221396.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(74)
Valente AM, Binantel H, Villanua D, Acevedo P (2018)Evaluation of methods to monitor wild mammals on Mediterranean farmland. Mammalian Biology 91: 23-29.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(75)
Van Der Putten WH, Bardgett RD, Farfan M, Montanarella L, Six J, Wall DH (2023)Soil biodiversity needs policy without borders. Science 379: 32-34.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(76)
Vidal C, Alberdi I, Redmond J, Vestman M, Lanz A, Schadauer K (2016)The role of European National Forest Inventories for international forestry reporting. Annals of Forest Science 73: 793-806.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(77)
Von Gadow K (1993)Zur Bestandesbescreibung in der Forsteinrichtung [On Stand Description in Forest Management]. Forst Und Holz 48: 602-606. [in German]
Gscholar
(78)
Wang F, Winkler J, Viña A, McShea WJ, Li S, Connor T, Zhao Z, Wang D, Yang H, Tang Y, Zhang J, Liu J (2021)The hidden risk of using umbrella species as conservation surrogates: a spatio-temporal approach. Biological Conservation 253: 108913.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(79)
Woodall CW, Jacques AE, Ae R, Ae PJV, Ståhl G (2009)Estimating dead wood during National Forest Inventories: a review of inventory methodologies and suggestions for harmonization. Environmental Management 44: 624-631.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(80)
Zavala MA, Angulo O, De la Parra RB, Moreno-Fernández D, Madrigal-González J (2024)Scaling up tree growth to assess forest resilience under increasing aridity: the case of Iberian dry-edge pine forests. Landscape Ecology 39: 6.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
