Distribution of the major forest tree species in Turkey within spatially interpolated plant heat and hardiness zone maps

doi:10.3832/ifor0611-005

Distribution of the major forest tree species in Turkey within spatially interpolated plant heat and hardiness zone maps

iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, Volume 5, Issue 2, Pages 83-92 (2012)
doi: https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor0611-005
Published: Apr 30, 2012 - Copyright © 2012 SISEF

Research Articles

PDF Version

Full Text

Citation

In disciplines such as agriculture, forestry and horticulture, it is customary to make use of various hardiness zone maps intended for the selection of the plant species to be cultivated within specific regions. The most widely used of these maps is the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone (PHZ) map. Recently, the American Horticultural Society also created the Plant Heat Zone (AHZ) Map. PHZ and AHZ maps have not yet been produced for Turkey. To overcome deficiencies of these maps and compare the distribution of major forest tree species over these zones, data from 260 meteorological stations recorded during the period from 1975-2008 and 458 144 forest stand-type polygon centroid data were used. PHZ and AHZ maps were created through the interpolation of meteorological data using the regularized spline with tension (RST) method. According to the interpolation results, there are 7 PHZs (4-10) and 8 AHZs (2-9) in Turkey. Finally, the distribution of 15 major forest tree species over these zones was investigated. The most commonly detected species were distributed among PHZs 5 and 10 coincided with Juniperus spp., Quercus spp. and Abies spp., and the species found between PHZs 5 and 10 were those exhibiting the most extensive distributions. Pinus brutia and Quercus spp. were found to be the most widely distributed species among the AHZs.

Keywords

Forest trees, Plant hardiness zones, Plant heat zones, Regularized spline with tension method, Turkey

Authors’ address

(1)

Department of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University, 34473 Bahçeköy, Istanbul (Turkey)

Corresponding author

OY Yilmaz
yilmazy@istanbul.edu.tr

Citation

Yilmaz OY, Tolunay D (2012). Distribution of the major forest tree species in Turkey within spatially interpolated plant heat and hardiness zone maps. iForest 5: 83-92. - doi: 10.3832/ifor0611-005

Academic Editor

Marco Borghetti

Paper history

Received: Nov 25, 2011
Accepted: Mar 27, 2012

First online: Apr 30, 2012
Publication Date: Apr 30, 2012
Publication Time: 1.13 months

Open Access

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

Breakdown by View Type

(Waiting for server response...)

Article Usage

Total Article Views: 60496
(from publication date up to now)

Breakdown by View Type
HTML Page Views: 51891
Abstract Page Views: 2817
PDF Downloads: 4401
Citation/Reference Downloads: 41
XML Downloads: 1346

Web Metrics
Days since publication: 4378
Overall contacts: 60496
Avg. contacts per week: 96.73

Article Citations

Article citations are based on data periodically collected from the Clarivate Web of Science web site
(last update: Feb 2023)

Total number of cites (since 2012): 4
Average cites per year: 0.33

(no Plumx Metrics available for this paper)

Publication Metrics

by Dimensions ^©

Articles citing this article

List of the papers citing this article based on CrossRef Cited-by.

(1)

AHS (1997)
Plant heat zone map. American Horticultural Society, Virginia, USA.
Online | Gscholar

(2)

AHS (2005)
Hardiness and heat zones and pronunciations. The American Gardener 84 (2): 61.
Online | Gscholar

(3)

AHS (2006)
Hardiness and heat zones and pronunciations. The American Gardener 85 (4): 62.
Online | Gscholar

(4)

AHS (2008)
Hardiness and heat zones and pronunciations. The American Gardener 87 (1): 60.
Online | Gscholar

(5)

AHS (2010)
Hardiness and heat zones and pronunciations. The American Gardener 89 (2): 60
Online | Gscholar

(6)

Atalay I (1977)
Turkiye’de Çam Turlerinde Tohum Transfer Rejyonlamasi. Orman Agaclari ve Tohumlari Islah Enstitusu Mudurlugu Yayinlari, Yayin No. 1, Ankara, Turkey.
Gscholar

(7)

Atalay I (1984)
Dogu Ladini (Picea orientalis L.) Tohum Transfer Rejiyonlamasi. Orman Agaclari ve Tohumlari Islah Arastirma Mudurlugu Yayinlari, Yayin No. 2, Ankara, Turkey.
Gscholar

(8)

Atalay I (1987)
Sedir (Cedrus libani A. Rich) Ormanlarinin Yayilis Gösterdigi Alanlar ve Yakin Cevresinin Genel Ekolojik Özellikleri ile Sedir Tohum Transfer Rejiyonlamasi. Orman Genel Mudurlugu Yayinlari, Yayin No. 663/61, Ankara, Turkey.
Gscholar

(9)

Atalay I (1992)
Kayin (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) Ormanlarinin Ekolojisi ve Tohum Transferi Yonunden Bolgelere Ayrilmasi. Orman Agaclari ve Tohumlari Islah Arastirma Mudurlugu Yayinlari, Yayin No. 5, Ankara, Turkey.
Gscholar

(10)

Attorre F, Alfo M, De Sanctis M, Francesconi F, Bruno F (2007)
Comparison of interpolation methods for mapping climatic and bioclimatic variables at regional scale. International Journal of Climatology 27 (13): 1825-1843.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(11)

Bagnouls F, Gaussen H (1957)
Les climates biologiques et leur classification. Annales de Geographie 355: 193-220.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(12)

Cathey HM (1990)
USDA plant hardiness zone map. Pub. no. 1475, USDA Misc., USDA, Washington, DC, USA. [map]
Online | Gscholar

(13)

Cheers G (1999)
Botanica: the illustrated A-Z of over 10.000 garden plants and how to cultivate them. Könemann, Hong Kong, pp. 1020.
Gscholar

(14)

Dawson I (1991)
Plant hardiness zones for Australia. Australian Horticulture 90 (8): 37-39.
Gscholar

(15)

Del Tredici P (1990)
The new USDA plant hardiness zone map. Arnoldia 50: 16-20.
Online | Gscholar

(16)

De Martonne E (1927)
Regions of interior basin drainage. Geographical Review 17: 397-414.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(17)

Erinc S (1969)
Klimatoloji ve Metotlari. Istanbul Universitesi, Cografya Enstitusu Yayinlari, Istanbul, Turkey.
Gscholar

(18)

Giddings LE, Soto-Esparza M (2005)
Plant heat zones of Mexico. Revista Chapingo Serie horticultura 11: 365-369.
Online | Gscholar

(19)

Grass Development Team (2008)
Geographic resources analysis support system (GRASS) software. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project.
Online | Gscholar

(20)

Güler M, Kaya T (2007)
Alansal dagilim ozelligi gosteren iklim parametrelerinin cografi bilgi sistemleri ile belirlenmesi ve kullanim alanlari; genel bir bakis. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences 22: 322-328.
Gscholar

(21)

Heinze W, Schreiber D (1984)
Eine neue Kartierung der Winterhärtezonen für Gehölze in Mitteleuropa. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Dendrologischen Gesellschaft 75: 11-56.
Gscholar

(22)

Isik F, Keskin S, Mc Keand SE (2000)
Provenance variation and provenance-site interaction in Pinus brutia Ten.: consequences of defining breeding zones. Silvae Genetica 49: 213-223.
Gscholar

(23)

Johnson GR, Sorensen FC, St Clair JB, Cronn RC (2004)
Pacific Northwest forest tree seed zones: a template for native plants. Native Plants: 131-140.
Online | Gscholar

(24)

Köppen W (1936)
Das geographische System der Klimate. In: “Handbuch der Klimatologie” (Koppen W, Geiger R eds). IC, Berlin, Germany.
Gscholar

(25)

Krüssmann G (1984)
Manual of cultivated broad-leaved trees and shrubs. Volume 1, Timber press, Beaverton, Oregon, USA.
Gscholar

(26)

Krüssmann G (1985a)
Manual of cultivated broad-leaved trees and shrubs. Volume 2, B.T. Timber press, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Gscholar

(27)

Krüssmann G (1985b)
Manual of cultivated conifers. Timber press, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Gscholar

(28)

Krüssmann G (1986)
Manual of cultivated broad-leaved trees and shrubs. Volume 3, B.T. Timber press, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Gscholar

(29)

Magarey RD, Borchert DM, Schlegel JW (2008)
Global plant hardiness zones for phytosanitary risk analysis. Scientia Agricola 65: 54-59.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(30)

McKenney DW, Hutchinson MF, Kesteven JL, Venier LA (2001)
Canada’s plant hardiness zones revisited using modern climate interpolation techniques. Canadian Journal of Plant Sciences 81: 129-143.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(31)

Mckenney DW, Pedlar JH, Lawrence K, Campbell K, Hutchinson MF (2007)
Beyond traditional hardiness zones: using climate envelopes to map plant range limits. Bioscience 57: 929-937.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(32)

MEF (2007)
Afforestation and erosion control rehabilitation action plan (2008-2012). Publications of Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Environment ant forestry, Ankara, Turkey.
Online | Gscholar

(33)

MEF (2010)
Republic of Turkey National climate change strategy (2010-2020). Publications of Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Ankara, Turkey.
Online | Gscholar

(34)

Mitas L, Mitasova H (1999)
Spatial interpolation. In: “GIS: principles, techniques, management and applications” (Longley P, Goodchild MF, Maguire, DJ Rhind DW eds). Wiley, USA, pp. 481-492.
Gscholar

(35)

Mitasova H, Mitas L, Brown WM, Gerdes DP, Kosinovsky I, Baker T (1995)
Modelling spatially and temporally distributed phenomena: new methods and tools for GRASS GIS. International Journal of Geographical Information Science 9 (4): 433-446.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(36)

Neteler M, Mitasova H (2002)
Open Source GIS: a GRASS GIS approach (1^st edn). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, Dordrecht, London, pp. 464. [ISBN: 1-4020-7088-8]
Gscholar

(37)

National Arbor Day Foundation (2006)
2006 arborday.org hardiness zone map.
Online | Gscholar

(38)

Ouellet CE, Sherk L (1967a)
Woody ornamental plant zonation I. Indices of winter hardiness. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 47: 231-238.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(39)

Ouellet CE, Sherk L (1967b)
Woody ornamental plant zonation II. Suitability indices of localities. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 47: 339-349.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(40)

Ouellet CE, Sherk L (1967c)
Woody ornamental plant zonation III. Suitability map for the probable winter survival of ornamental trees and shrubs. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 47: 351-357.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(41)

Rehder A (1927)
Manual of cultivated trees and shrubs. Macmillan, New York, USA.
Gscholar

(42)

Rivas-Martinez S (1996)
Clasificacion bioclimatica de la tierra. Folia Botanica Matritensis 16: 1-32.
Gscholar

(43)

Schmidtling RC (2001)
Southern pine seed sources. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-XX, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Asheville, NC, USA, pp. 25.
Gscholar

(44)

Swedish Fuchsia Society (2012)
USDA zones in Europe.
Online | Gscholar

(45)

Thornthwaite CW (1948)
An approach toward a rational classification of climate. Geographical Review 38: 55-94.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(46)

Tolunay D (1999)
Ekoloji-Ekolojik Faktörler- Ekolojik Sorunlar. “Cevre Seminerleri 1998. CEKUL Cevre Dizisi 2” .Globus Dunya Basimevi, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 77-90.
Gscholar

(47)

TSMS (2011)
2010 Yili iklim verilerinin degerlendirmesi. Turkish State Meteorological Service, Ankara, Turkey.
Online | Gscholar

(48)

Türkes M, Tatli H (2009)
Use of the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and a modified SPI for shaping the drought probabilities over Turkey. International Journal of Climatology 29: 2270-2282.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(49)

USDA (2012)
USDA plant hardiness zone map. Mapping by the Prism Climate Group, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
Online | Gscholar

(50)

Vogel KP, Schmer MR, Mitchell RB (2005)
Plant adaptation regions: ecological and climatic classification of plant materials. Rangeland Ecology and Management 58: 315-319.
CrossRef | Gscholar

(51)

Widrlechner MP (1997)
Hardiness zones in China. North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station, Ames, I.A.
Online | Gscholar

(52)

Wyman D (1938)
Hedges, screens and windbreaks, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, pp. 249.
Gscholar

(53)

Wyman D, Flint HL (1967)
Plant hardiness-zone maps. Arnoldia 27: 53-56.
Gscholar

iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry

Contents

Search

Journal Info

Journal Subjects and Fields

For Authors

For Reviewers

For Readers

SISEF Publishing

Search iForest Contents