*
 

iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry

*

Hardness and contact angle of thermo-treated poplar plywood for bio-building

Roberto Zanuttini, Francesco Negro   , Corrado Cremonini

iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, Volume 14, Issue 3, Pages 274-277 (2021)
doi: https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor3662-014
Published: May 29, 2021 - Copyright © 2021 SISEF

Research Articles

Collection/Special Issue: Research Project PRIN-MIUR 2015
The forest-wood value chain: biomass supply, traceability, C-footprint. Innovation for bioarchitecture and energy efficiency
Guest Editors: Scarascia Mugnozza G, Maesano M, Romagnoli M


The interest towards poplar cultivation and its wood has recently been growing in Italy, where the use of timber and wood-based materials in construction is increasing as well. Poplar plywood, with a national production of around 270.000 m3 in 2017, is a key product for the Italian wood sector, and currently is destined for several applications as component for furniture and motorhomes. Previous research has shown that thermal treatment can be effectively applied to poplar plywood in order to make it suitable to the requirements of new end-uses. The present study aims to widen the knowledge of the effects of thermal treatment on poplar plywood. With this purpose, 7-layered, 12-mm thick plywood bonded with urea-melamine-formaldehyde (UMF) resin was thermally treated for 2 h at 170, 190 and 210 °C through the Termovuoto® process. The treatment aimed to improve the dimensional stability and durability against fungal decay. The process was set at lower temperature and shorter time than those of many thermal treatments commonly used in practice in order to limit the reduction in mechanical properties and to maintain an adequate bonding quality. The above properties were already verified by previous research, whereas in this study Brinell hardness and contact angle of treated panels were investigated as relevant for several end-uses that can be prospected in building and in outdoor environments. Brinell hardness decreased from 10.8 to 8.3 N mm-2 and contact angle increased from 75.8° to 103.6°. Overall, treatment at 190 °C seems the most suitable to induce balanced modifications in the panels. From a technical point of view, these appear ready to enter the market, for instance for use in exterior claddings, partitions and outdoor flooring.

  Keywords


Brinell Hardness, Contact Angle, Plywood, Poplar, Thermo-treatment

Authors’ address

(1)
Roberto Zanuttini 0000-0002-6573-7885
Francesco Negro
Corrado Cremonini https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7569-9141
DISAFA, University of Torino, l.go Paolo Braccini 2, I-10095 Grugliasco, TO (Italy)

Corresponding author

 
Francesco Negro
francesco.negro@unito.it

Citation

Zanuttini R, Negro F, Cremonini C (2021). Hardness and contact angle of thermo-treated poplar plywood for bio-building. iForest 14: 274-277. - doi: 10.3832/ifor3662-014

Academic Editor

Giacomo Goli

Paper history

Received: Sep 29, 2020
Accepted: Apr 08, 2021

First online: May 29, 2021
Publication Date: Jun 30, 2021
Publication Time: 1.70 months

Breakdown by View Type

(Waiting for server response...)

Article Usage

Total Article Views: 28899
(from publication date up to now)

Breakdown by View Type
HTML Page Views: 25222
Abstract Page Views: 1669
PDF Downloads: 1666
Citation/Reference Downloads: 0
XML Downloads: 342

Web Metrics
Days since publication: 1233
Overall contacts: 28899
Avg. contacts per week: 164.07

Article Citations

Article citations are based on data periodically collected from the Clarivate Web of Science web site
(last update: Feb 2023)

Total number of cites (since 2021): 1
Average cites per year: 0.33

 

Publication Metrics

by Dimensions ©

Articles citing this article

List of the papers citing this article based on CrossRef Cited-by.

 
(1)
Allegretti O, Brunetti M, Cuccui I, Ferrari S, Nocetti M, Terziev N (2012)
Thermo-vacuum modification of spruce (Picea abies Karst.) and fir (Abies alba Mill.) wood. BioResources 7 (3): 3659-3669.
Online | Gscholar
(2)
Assopannelli (2014)
Declino della pioppicoltura in Italia e raccomandazioni per una strategia di rilancio [Decline of poplar cultivation in Italy and recommendations for a relaunching strategy]. Assopannelli, Milano, Italy, pp. 63. [in Italian]
Gscholar
(3)
Bergman R, Puettman M, Taylor A, Skog K (2014)
The carbon impacts of wood products. Forest Products Journal 64 (7/8): 220-231.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(4)
Candelier K, Thevenon MF, Petrissans A, Dumarcay S, Gerardin P, Petrissans M (2016)
Control of wood thermal treatment and its effects on decay resistance: a review. Annals of Forest Sciences 73: 571-583.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(5)
Castro G, Rosso L, Allegretti O, Cuccui I, Cremonini C, Negro F, Zanuttini R (2016)
Influence of thermo-vacuum treatment on bending properties of poplar rotary-cut veneer. iForest 10: 161-163.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(6)
Cetera P, Negro F, Cremonini C, Todaro L, Zanuttini R (2018)
Physico-mechanical properties of thermally treated poplar OSB. Forests 9 (6): 345.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(7)
CIRAD (2015)
Tropix 7. The main technological characteristics of 245 tropical wood species. Technical sheets available, Temperate areas, Web site.
Online | Gscholar
(8)
Corona P, Bergante S, Castro G, Chiarabaglio PM, Coaloa D, Facciotto G, Gennaro M, Giorcelli A, Rosso L, Vietto L, Nervo G (2018)
Linee di indirizzo per una pioppicoltura sostenibile [Guidelines for a sustainable poplar cultivation]. Rete Rurale Nazionale, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Roma, Italy, pp. 63. [in Italian]
Online | Gscholar
(9)
EN-314-2 (1993)
Plywood. Bonding quality. Part 2: Requirements. CEN, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 6.
Online | Gscholar
(10)
EN-323 (1993)
Wood-based panels. Determination of density. CEN, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 10.
Online | Gscholar
(11)
EN-335 (2013)
Durability of wood and wood-based products - Use classes: definitions, application to solid wood and wood-based products. CEN, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 14.
Online | Gscholar
(12)
EN-350 (2016)
Durability of wood and wood based products. Testing and classification of the durability to biological agents of wood and wood-based materials. CEN, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 70.
Online | Gscholar
(13)
EN-636:2012+A1 (2015)
Plywood. Specifications. CEN, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 16.
Online | Gscholar
(14)
EN-1534 (2020)
Wood flooring and parquet. Determination of resistance to indentation. Test method. CEN, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 10.
Online | Gscholar
(15)
EPF (2018)
Annual Report 2017-2018. European Panel Federation, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 263.
Gscholar
(16)
Esteves BM, Pereira HM (2009)
Wood modification by heat treatment: a review. Bioresources 4 (1): 370-404.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(17)
FederlegnoArredo (2014)
Intesa per lo sviluppo della filiera del pioppo [Agreement for the development of the poplar supply chain]. Federlegnoarredo, Venice, Italy, pp. 16. [in Italian]
Gscholar
(18)
FederlegnoArredo (2020)
4° Rapporto case ed edifici in legno [4th report timber houses and buildings]. FederlegnoArredo, Milan, Italy, pp. 37. [in Italian]
Gscholar
(19)
Goli G, Cremonini C, Negro F, Zanuttini R, Fioravanti M (2014)
Physical-mechanical properties and bonding quality of heat treated poplar and ceiba plywood. iForest 8: 687-692.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(20)
Goli G, Todaro L, Allegretti O, Romagnoli M (2019)
Wood modification in Italy. In: “Wood modification in Europe. A state-of-the-art about processes, products and applications” (Jones D, Sandberg D, Goli G, Todaro L eds). Firenze University Press, Firenze, Italy, pp. 71-72.
Online | Gscholar
(21)
Hakkou M, Pétrissans M, El Bakali I, Gérardin P, Zoulalian A (2005)
Wettability changes and mass loss during heat treatment of wood. Holzforschung 59: 35-37.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(22)
Jeska S, Pascha KS (2014)
Emergent timber technologies. Materials structures engineering projects. Birkhäuser, Basel, Switzerland, pp. 175.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(23)
Marcon B, Goli G, Matsuo-Ueda M, Denaud L, Umemura K, Gril J, Kawai S (2018)
Kinetic analysis of poplar wood properties by thermal modification in conventional oven. iForest 11: 131-139.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(24)
Miklečić J, Jirouš-Rajković V (2016)
Influence of thermal modification on surface properties and chemical composition of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica). Drvna Industrija 67 (1): 65-71.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(25)
Negro F, Bergman R (2019)
Carbon stored by furnishing wood-based products: an Italian case study. Maderas - Ciencia y Tecnología 21 (1): 65-76.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(26)
Rosso L, Negro F, Castro G, Cremonini C, Zanuttini R (2016)
Moisture dynamics of thermally treated poplar plywood. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 75 (2): 277-279.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(27)
Sandak A, Allegretti A, Cuccui I, Sandak J, Rosso L, Castro G, Negro F, Cremonini C, Zanuttini R (2016)
Thermo-vacuum modification of poplar veneers and its quality control. Bioresources 11 (4): 10122-10139.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(28)
Sedlar T, Sinković T, Perić I, Jarc A, Stojnić S (2019)
Hardness of thermally modified beech wood and hornbeam wood. Journal of the Forest Society of Croatia 9- 10: 425-433.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(29)
Sydor M, Pinkowski G, Jasinska A (2020)
The Brinell method for determining hardness of wood flooring materials. Forests 11: 878.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(30)
Unsal O, Candan Z, Korkut S (2011)
Wettability and roughness characteristics of modified wood boards using a hot-press. Industrial Crops and Products 34: 1455-1457.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(31)
William DL, Kuhn AT, Amann MA, Hausinger MB, Konarik MM, Nesselrode EI (2010)
Computerised measurement of contact angles. Galvanotechnik 10: 1-11.
Gscholar
(32)
Zanuttini R, Castro G, Cremonini C, Negro F, Palanti S (2020)
Thermo-vacuum treatment of poplar (Populus spp.) plywood. Holzforschung 74 (1): 60-67.
CrossRef | Gscholar
 

This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. More info