Compatible taper and volume models were created for Quercus variabilis Blume (cork oak) forests in North China. 174 trees were felled to obtain stem analysis data. Linear mixed effects analyses were used in modelling. Firstly, a bark thickness model was built. Then diameter at breast height over bark (DBHob) for the inner layers of the 174 trees could be calculated, based on which a total volume model was built. The estimated volume and a specific parameter restriction were then substituted into a polynomial taper model, finally the taper model was fitted and compatible taper and volume models were obtained. Four sets of models based on different data sets were separately built and compared through coefficients of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), value of Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), residuals plots and histograms of residuals. Models based on data of the analyzed stems without ramicorns and simultaneously with relative diameter under 1.5 were chosen as the most precise. Further testing of the chosen models using the jackknife method for the bark thickness and total volume models and a validation data set for the taper model verified that those models can be used to predict bark thickness, diameter at a specific point along the stem, merchantable volume and total stem volume of cork oak forests in North China within specific tree diameter at breast height and height ranges.
Keywords
, , , ,
Citation
Zheng C, Wang Y, Jia L, Mason EG, We S, Sun C, Duan J (2017). Compatible taper-volume models of Quercus variabilis Blume forests in north China. iForest 10: 567-575. - doi: 10.3832/ifor2114-010
Academic Editor
Rupert Seidl
Paper history
Received: May 16, 2016
Accepted: Feb 22, 2017
First online: May 08, 2017
Publication Date: Jun 30, 2017
Publication Time: 2.50 months
© SISEF - The Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology 2017
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Breakdown by View Type
(Waiting for server response...)
Article Usage
Total Article Views: 45930
(from publication date up to now)
Breakdown by View Type
HTML Page Views: 39227
Abstract Page Views: 2212
PDF Downloads: 3351
Citation/Reference Downloads: 38
XML Downloads: 1102
Web Metrics
Days since publication: 2766
Overall contacts: 45930
Avg. contacts per week: 116.24
Article Citations
Article citations are based on data periodically collected from the Clarivate Web of Science web site
(last update: Feb 2023)
Total number of cites (since 2017): 7
Average cites per year: 1.00
Publication Metrics
by Dimensions ©
Articles citing this article
List of the papers citing this article based on CrossRef Cited-by.
(1)
Bailey RL (1994)A compatible volume-taper model based on the Schumacher and Hall generalized constant form factor volume equation. Forest Science 40 (2): 303-313.
Online |
Gscholar
(2)
Bi HQ (2000)Trigonometric variable-form taper equations for Australian eucalypts. Forest Science 46 (3): 397-409.
Online |
Gscholar
(3)
Brooks JR, Jiang L, Ozçelik R (2008)Compatible stem volume and taper equations for Brutian pine, Cedar of Lebanon, and Cilicica fir in Turkey. Forest Ecology and Management 256 (1): 147-151.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(4)
Bruce D, Curtis RO, Vancoevering C (1968)Development of a system of taper and volume tables for red alder. Forest Science 14 (3): 339-350.
Online |
Gscholar
(5)
Cao QV, Burkhart HE, Max TA (1980)Evaluation of two methods for cubic-volume prediction of loblolly pine to any merchantable limit. Forest Science 26 (1): 71-80.
Online |
Gscholar
(6)
Demaerschalk JP (1972)Converting volume equations to compatible taper equations. Forest Science 18 (3): 241-245.
Online |
Gscholar
(7)
Demaerschalk JP (1973)Integrated systems for the estimation of tree taper and volume. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 3 (1): 90-94.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(8)
Diéguez-Aranda U, Castedo-Dorado F, Alvarez-González JG, Rojo A (2006)Compatible taper function for Scots pine plantations in northwestern Spain. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36 (5): 1190-1205.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(9)
Fang ZX, Bailey RL (1999)Compatible volume and taper models with coefficients for tropical species on Hainan Island in Southern China. Forest Science 45 (1): 85-100.
Online |
Gscholar
(10)
Fang ZX, Borders BE, Bailey RL (2000)Compatible volume-taper models for loblolly and slash pine based on a system with segmented-stem form factors. Forest Science 46 (1): 1-12.
Gscholar
(11)
Figueiredo-Filho A, Borders BE, Hitch KL (1996)Taper equations for
Pinus taeda plantations in Southern Brazil. Forest Ecology and Management 83 (1-2): 39-46.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(12)
Figueiredo-Filho A, Machado SA, Carneiro MRA (2000)Testing accuracy of log volume calculation procedures against water displacement techniques (xylometer). Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30 (6): 990-997.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(13)
Goulding CJ, Murray JC (1976)Polynomial taper equations that are compatible with tree volume equations. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 5 (3): 313-322.
Online |
Gscholar
(14)
Hilt DE (1980)Taper-based system for estimating stem volumes of upland oaks. Research Paper NE-458, Northeast Forest Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, Broomall, PA, USA, pp. 12.
Online |
Gscholar
(15)
Hjelm B (2013)Stem taper equations for poplars growing on farmland in Sweden. Journal of Forestry Research 24 (1): 15-22.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(16)
Honer TG (1965)A new total cubic foot volume function. The Forestry Chronicle 41 (4): 476-493.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(17)
Jacoby WG (2000)Loess: a nonparametric, graphical tool for depicting relationships between variables. Electoral Studies 19 (4): 577-613.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(18)
Jiang L, Brooks JR, Wang J (2005)Compatible taper and volume equations for yellow-poplar in West Virginia. Forest Ecology and Management 213 (1-3): 399-409.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(19)
Kitikidou K (2010)Taper equation compatible with volume equation for the Hungarian oak stands under restoration at Northern Greece. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment 8 (2): 866-869.
Online |
Gscholar
(20)
Kozak A (1988)A variable-exponent taper equation. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18 (11): 1363-1368.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(21)
Kozak A (2004)My last words on taper equations. The Forestry Chronicle 80 (4): 507-515.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(22)
Kozak A, Munro DD, Smith JHG (1969)Taper functions and their application in forest inventory. The Forestry Chronicle 45 (4): 278-283.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(23)
Lee WK, Seo JH, Son YM, Lee KH, Gadow KV (2003)Modeling stem profiles for Pinus densiflora in Korea. Forest Ecology and Management 172 (1): 69-77.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(24)
Li R, Weiskittel AR (2010)Comparison of model forms for estimating stem taper and volume in the primary conifer species of the North American Acadian Region. Annals of Forest Science 67 (3): 302.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(25)
Malimbwi RE, Philip MS (1989)A compatible taper/volume estimation system for
Pinus patula at Sao Hill forest project, Southern Tanzania. Forest Ecology and Management 27 (2): 109-115.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(26)
Martin AJ (1981)Taper and volume equations for selected Appalachian hardwood species. Research Paper NE-490, Northeast Forest Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, Broomall, PA, USA, pp. 22.
Online |
Gscholar
(27)
Max TA, Burkhart HE (1976)Segmented polynomial regression applied to taper equations. Forest Science 22 (3): 283-289.
Online |
Gscholar
(28)
Muhairwe CK (1999)Taper equations for
Eucalyptus pilularis and
Eucalyptus grandis for the north coast in New South Wales, Australia. Forest Ecology and Management 113 (2-3): 251-269.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(29)
Newnham RM (1992)Variable-form taper functions for four Alberta tree species. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22 (2): 210-223.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(30)
Nunes L, Tomé J, Tomé M (2010)A system for compatible prediction of total and merchantable volumes allowing for different definitions of tree volume. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40 (4): 747-760.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(31)
Ormerod DW (1973)A simple bole model. The Forestry Chronicle 49 (3): 136-138.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(32)
Oytunemre S, Nuray M, Hakki Y, Mehmet M (2008)Stem taper functions for
Abies nordmanniana subsp.
bornmulleriana in Turkey. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 23 (6): 522-533.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(33)
Ozçelik R, Brooks JR (2012)Compatible volume and taper models for economically important tree species of Turkey. Annals of Forest Science 69 (1): 105-118.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(34)
Parresol BR, Hotvedt JE, Cao QV (1987)A volume and taper prediction system for bald cypress. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17 (3): 250-259.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(35)
Peng H, Lu Y (2012)Model selection in linear mixed effect models. Journal of Multivariate Analysis 109: 109-129.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(36)
Pompa-García M, Corral-Rivas JJ, Hernández-Díaz JC (2009)A system for calculating the merchantable volume of oak trees in the northwest of the state of Chihuahua, Mexico. Journal of Forestry Research 20 (4): 293-300.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(37)
Rustagi KP, Loveless RS (1991)Improved cubic volume prediction using a new measure of form factor. Forest Ecology and Management 40 (1-2): 1-11.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(38)
Sánchez-González M, Cañellas I, Montero G (2007)Generalized height-diameter and crown diameter prediction models for cork oak forests in Spain. Forest Systems 16 (1): 76-88.
Online |
Gscholar
(39)
Sánchez-González M, Tomé M, Montero G (2005)Modelling height and diameter growth of dominant cork oak trees in Spain. Annals of Forest Science 62 (7): 633-643.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(40)
Sakia RM (1992)The Box-Cox transformation technique: a review. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 41 (2): 169-178.
Online |
Gscholar
(41)
Sharma M, Oderwald RG (2001)Dimensionally compatible volume and taper equations. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31 (5): 797-803.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(42)
Su X, Yan X, Tsai CL (2012)Linear regression. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Computational Statistics 4 (3): 275-294.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(43)
Tarp-Johansen MJ, Skovsgaard JP, Madsen SF, Johannsen VK, Skovgaard I (1997)Compatible stem taper and stem volume functions for oak (
Quercus robur L and
Q. petraea (Matt) Liebl) in Denmark. Annales Des Sciences Forestières 54 (7): 577-595.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(44)
Temesgen HT, Monleon VJM, Hann DWH (2008)Analysis and comparison of nonlinear tree height prediction strategies for Douglas-fir forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38 (3): 553-565.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(45)
Thomas CE, Parresol BR (1991)Simple, flexible, trigonometric taper equations. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21 (7): 1132-1137.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
(46)
Xiong JS, Mckeand SE, Whetten RW, Isik FT (2014)Genetics of stem forking and ramicorn branches in a cloned loblolly pine family. Forest Science 60 (2): 360-366.
CrossRef |
Gscholar
