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iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry

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Genomics of the Dutch elm disease pathosystem: are we there yet?

Louis Bernier   , Mirella Aoun, Guillaume F Bouvet, André Comeau, Josée Dufour, Erika S Naruzawa, Martha Nigg, Karine V Plourde

iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages 149-157 (2015)
doi: https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor1211-008
Published: Aug 07, 2014 - Copyright © 2015 SISEF

Review Papers

Collection/Special Issue: 3rd International Elm Conference, Florence (Italy - 2013)
The elms after 100 years of Dutch Elm disease
Guest Editors: A. Santini, L. Ghelardini, E. Collin, A. Solla, J. Brunet, M. Faccoli, A. Scala, S. De Vries, J. Buiteveld


During the last decades, the development of ever more powerful genetic, molecular and omic approaches has provided plant pathologists with a wide array of experimental tools for elucidating the intricacies of plant-pathogen interactions and proposing new control strategies. In the case of the Dutch elm disease (DED) pathosystem, these tools have been applied for advancing knowledge of the host (Ulmus spp.) and the causal agents (Ophiostoma ulmi, O. novo-ulmi and O. himal-ulmi). Genetic and molecular analyses have led to the identification, cloning and characterization of a few genes that contribute to parasitic fitness in the pathogens. Quantitative PCR and high-throughput methods, such as expressed sequence tag analysis, have been used for measuring gene expression and identifying subsets of elm genes that are differentially expressed in the presence of O. novo-ulmi. These analyses have also helped identify genes that were differentially expressed in DED fungi grown under defined experimental conditions. Until recently, however, functional analysis of the DED fungi was hampered by the lack of protocols for efficient gene knockout and by the unavailability of a full genome sequence. While the selective inactivation of Ophiostoma genes by insertional mutagenesis remains a challenge, an alternative approach based on RNA interference is now available for down-regulating the expression of targeted genes. In 2013, the genome sequences of O. ulmi and O. novo-ulmi were publicly released. The ongoing annotation of these genomes should spark a new wave of interest in the DED pathosystem, as it should lead to the formal identification of genes modulating parasitic fitness. A better understanding of DED, however, also requires that omic approaches are applied to the study of the other biotic components of this pathosystem.

  Keywords


Dutch Elm Disease, Ophiostoma spp., Genetic and Molecular Analyses, Gene Expression, RNA Interference

Authors’ address

(1)
Louis Bernier
Mirella Aoun
Guillaume F Bouvet
André Comeau
Josée Dufour
Erika S Naruzawa
Martha Nigg
Karine V Plourde
Centre d’étude de la Forêt, Pavillon C-E-Marchand, 1030 avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, G1V 0A6 Québec, QC (Canada)

Corresponding author

 

Citation

Bernier L, Aoun M, Bouvet GF, Comeau A, Dufour J, Naruzawa ES, Nigg M, Plourde KV (2015). Genomics of the Dutch elm disease pathosystem: are we there yet?. iForest 8: 149-157. - doi: 10.3832/ifor1211-008

Academic Editor

Alberto Santini

Paper history

Received: Dec 23, 2013
Accepted: May 03, 2014

First online: Aug 07, 2014
Publication Date: Apr 01, 2015
Publication Time: 3.20 months

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