*
 

iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry

*

Prescribed burning in Italy: issues, advances and challenges

D Ascoli   , G Bovio

iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, Volume 6, Issue 2, Pages 79-89 (2013)
doi: https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor0803-006
Published: Feb 07, 2013 - Copyright © 2013 SISEF

Review Papers


Prescribed burning has been carried out since the late 1970s in several southern European countries. Italy hosted some pioneer experiences in the early ’80s, but these did not follow up into practical implementation, and few studies and applications were carried out in subsequent years. In the last decade, a new interest arose and several experiences were carried out. We aim to illustrate the limitations, advances and challenges of prescribed burning in Italy by reviewing the national literature of the last 40 years on this subject. Unfavorable land characteristics, conflicting management goals, a hostile socio-cultural environment, and an inadequate regulatory framework have supposedly limited the application of prescribed burning in Italy. Nevertheless, in the last 20 years the legislation at the regional level has been updated to consider the use of fire, and new procedures to authorize prescribed fires allowed for experiments and application, even within National Parks. From 2005 to 2012, prescribed burning programs for fire hazard reduction, forest and range management, biodiversity conservation and firefighter training were implemented throughout Italy. Several vegetation and fuel types were involved (e.g., broadleaved and coniferous forests, Mediterranean and continental shrubland, grassland, slash). Studies on fire behavior and effects helped to set prescriptions for specific objectives and environments. Results were transferred to professionals through training sessions. Some of the challenges ahead are improving the legislative framework, e.g., by introducing a certification for the use of fire, and addressing issues of pastoral fire through conflict resolution programs. Prescribed burning in Italy could be developed by committing to carry out ecological studies on its implications to silviculture, range management and habitat conservation.

  Keywords


Wildfire, Integrated Fire Management, Biodiversity, Historical Fire Use

Authors’ address

(1)
D Ascoli
G Bovio
Dept. AgriForFood, University of Turin, v. Leonardo da Vinci 44, I-10095 Grugliasco (TO - Italy)

Corresponding author

 

Citation

Ascoli D, Bovio G (2013). Prescribed burning in Italy: issues, advances and challenges. iForest 6: 79-89. - doi: 10.3832/ifor0803-006

Academic Editor

Marco Borghetti

Paper history

Received: Sep 29, 2012
Accepted: Nov 20, 2012

First online: Feb 07, 2013
Publication Date: Apr 02, 2013
Publication Time: 2.63 months

Breakdown by View Type

(Waiting for server response...)

Article Usage

Total Article Views: 58144
(from publication date up to now)

Breakdown by View Type
HTML Page Views: 48252
Abstract Page Views: 3349
PDF Downloads: 5049
Citation/Reference Downloads: 99
XML Downloads: 1395

Web Metrics
Days since publication: 4258
Overall contacts: 58144
Avg. contacts per week: 95.59

Article Citations

Article citations are based on data periodically collected from the Clarivate Web of Science web site
(last update: Feb 2023)

Total number of cites (since 2013): 35
Average cites per year: 3.18

 

Publication Metrics

by Dimensions ©

Articles citing this article

List of the papers citing this article based on CrossRef Cited-by.

 
(1)
Ali AA, Roiron P, Guendon JL, Poirier P, Terral JF (2005)
Holocene vegetation responses to fire events in the inner French Alps (Queyras Massif): data from charcoal and geomorphological analysis of travertine sequences. The Holocene 15 (1): 149-155.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(2)
Ascoli D, Beghin R, Ceccato R, Gorlier A, Lombardi G, Lonati M, Marzano R, Bovio G, Cavallero A (2009)
Developing an adaptive management approach to prescribed burning: a long-term heathland conservation experiment in north-west Italy. International Journal of Wildland Fire 18 (6): 727-735.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(3)
Ascoli D, Bovio G (2010a)
Tree encroachment dynamics in heathlands of north-west Italy: the fire regime hypothesis. iForest 3 (1): 137-143.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(4)
Ascoli D, Bovio G (2010b)
Appraising fuel and fire behaviour for prescribed burning application in heathlands of Northwest Italy. In: Proceedings of the “VI International Conference on Forest Fire Research” (Viegas DX ed). Coimbra (Portugal) 15-18 Nov 2010, pp. 11.
Gscholar
(5)
Ascoli D, Bovio G, Ceccato R, Marzano R (2007)
Comportamento del fuoco e gestione della biomassa nei viali tagliafuoco: valutazione sperimentale del carico di combustibile compatibile con l’attacco diretto. L’Italia Forestale e Montana 62 (5/6): 369-383.
Gscholar
(6)
Ascoli D, Bovio G, Esposito A, Seneca U, Rutigliano FA, Catalanotti AE, Strumia S, Salgueiro A, Palheiro P, Rebelo A, Mazzoleni S, Fernandes P (2010)
Using PiroPinus to assess fuel reduction effectiveness of prescribed burning in a Pinus halepensis plantation in Southern Italy. In: Proceedings of the “VI International Conference on Forest Fire Research” (Viegas DX ed). Coimbra (Portugal) 15-18 Nov 2010, pp. 11.
Gscholar
(7)
Ascoli D, Catalanotti A, Valese E, Cabiddu S, Delogu G, Driussi M, Esposito A, Leone V, Lovreglio R, Marchi E, Mazzoleni S, Rutigliano F, Strumia S, Bovio G (2012)
Prescribed burning experiences in Italy: an integrated approach to prevent forest fires. Forest@ 9 (1): 20-38. [in Italian with English summary]
CrossRef | Gscholar
(8)
Ascoli D, Castagneri D, Valsecchi C, Conedera M, Bovio G (2013a)
Post-fire restoration of beech stands in the Southern Alps by natural regeneration. Ecological Engineering.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(9)
Ascoli D, Lonati M, Marzano R, Bovio G, Cavallero A, Lombardi G (2013b)
Prescribed burning and browsing to control tree encroachment in southern European heathlands. Forest Ecology and Management 289: 69-77.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(10)
Bernard-Laurent A, Weber F (2007)
Prescribed-burning in Mercantour: practical knowledge, social relations and decision-processes. Natures Sciences Sociétés 15 (3): 233-244. [in French with English summary]
CrossRef | Gscholar
(11)
Borghesio L (2009)
Effects of fire on the vegetation of a lowland heathland in North-western Italy. Plant Ecology 201 (2): 723-731.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(12)
Bovio G, Callegari G, Camia A, Francesetti A, Iovino F, Porto P, Veltri A (2001)
Prove sperimentali per valutare l’impatto degli incendi boschivi sull’idrologia superficiale e sull’erosione dei suoli. L’Italia Forestale e Montana 56 (4): 233-256.
Gscholar
(13)
Bovio G (2006)
Planning against forest fires: prevention more than extinction. Forest@ 3 (2): 156-158. [in Italian with English Summary]
CrossRef | Gscholar
(14)
Bovio G, Ascoli D (2012)
Fuoco prescritto: stato dell’arte della normativa in Italia. L’Italia Forestale e Montana 67 (4): 347-358.
Gscholar
(15)
Buresti E, Sulli M (1983)
Il fuoco strumento colturale? Annali dell’Istituto Sperimentale per la Selvicoltura, Arezzo (Italy) 16: 355-385.
Gscholar
(16)
Calabri G (1981)
Il fuoco prescritto, una discussa tecnica per la gestione dei boschi. Monti e boschi 32 (1): 35-42.
Gscholar
(17)
Calabri G (1988)
L’introduction du brûlage contrôlé en Italie. In: Proceedings of the “Atelier sur le brûlage contrôlé”. Avignon (France) 14-18 Mars 1988. INRA-FAO-IUFRO, Avignon, France.
Gscholar
(18)
Carcaillet C, Ali AA, Blarquez O, Genries A, Mourier B, Bremond L (2009)
Spatial variability of fire history in subalpine forests: from natural to cultural regimes. Ecoscience 16 (1): 1-12.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(19)
Catalanotti AE, Strumia S, Esposito A, Ascoli D, Marzaioli R, Seneca U, D’Ascoli R, Mazzoleni S, Rutigliano FA (2010)
Effects of prescribed burning on soil microbial community and vegetation in pine plantations of southern Italy. In: Proceedings of the “VI International Conference on Forest Fire Research” (Viegas DX ed). Coimbra (Portugal) 15-18 Nov. 2010, pp. 11.
Gscholar
(20)
Catalanotti AE, Esposito A, Ascoli D, Marzaioli R, Strumia S, D’Ascoli R, Mazzoleni S, Rutigliano FA (2012)
Applications of prescribed fire in different ecosystem types: effects on soil microbial community. In: Proceedings of the “XXII Congresso della Società Italiana di Ecologia”. Alessandria (Italy) 10-13 Sep 2012.
Gscholar
(21)
Catry FX, Rego FC, Silva JS, Moreira F, Camia A, Ricotta C, Conedera M (2010)
Fire Starts and Human Activities. In: “FIRE PARADOX White Book: towards integrated fire management - outcomes of the European project Fire Paradox (Silva JS, Rego FC, Fernandes P, Rigolot E eds). Research Report 23, European Forest Institute, Joensuu, Finland, pp. 9-22.
Gscholar
(22)
Conedera M, Krebs P (2010)
La pratica del fuoco pastorale nella Svizzera sudalpina dal tardo Medioevo ai nostri giorni. In: Proceedings of the meeting “Al fuoco! Usi, rischi e immaginari collettivi dal Medioevo al XX secolo” (Lorenzetti L, Giannò V eds). Mendrisio (Sondro - Italy) 15-17 Nov 2007. LabiSAlp ed., Giampiero Casagrande Ed., Milan, Italy, pp. 191-215.
Gscholar
(23)
Corona P, Barbati A, Tomao A, Bertani R, Valentini R, Marchetti M, Fattorini L, Perugini L (2012)
Land use inventory as framework for environmental accounting: an application in Italy. iForest 4: 204-209.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(24)
Davies M, Gray A, Hamilton A, Legg C (2008)
The future of fire management in the British uplands. International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystems Services & Management 4 (3): 127-147.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(25)
Delogu G (2009)
Esperienze di “Prescribed Burning” in Sardegna. In: Proceedings of the “III Congresso Nazionale di Selvicoltura”. Taormina (CT - Italy) 16-19 Oct 2008. Accademia Italiana di Scienze Forestali, Firenze, Italy, pp. 1293-1296.
Gscholar
(26)
Delogu G, Cabiddu S (2009)
Fuoco prescritto e controfuoco in Sardegna, tra tradizione ed attualità: quali prospettive? In: “La gestione della difesa dagli incendi boschivi” (Fondazione S. Giovanni Gualberto - Osservatorio Foreste e Ambiente ed). I Quaderni 9: 57-87.
Gscholar
(27)
Delogu G (2012)
Living with fire? Sardegna Democratica. [in Italian]
Online | Gscholar
(28)
Falcucci A, Maiornao L, Boitani L (2007)
Changes in land-use/land-cover patterns in Italy and their implications for biodiversity conservation. Landscape ecology 22: 617-631.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(29)
Favilli F, Cherubini P, Collenberg M, Egli M, Sartori G, Schoch W, Haeberli W (2010)
Charcoal fragments of Alpine soils as an indicator of landscape evolution during the Holocene in Val di Sole (Trentino, Italy). The Holocene 20 (1): 67-79.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(30)
Fernandes P, Botelho H (2004)
Analysis of the prescribed burning practice in the pine forest of northwestern Portugal. Journal of Environmental Management 70 (1): 15-26.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(31)
Fernandes PM, Loureiro C, Palheiro P, Vale-Gonçalves H, Fernandes MM, Cruz MG (2012a)
Fuels and fire hazard in blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus) stands in Portugal. Boletín del CIDEU 10: 53-61.
Gscholar
(32)
Fernandes PM, Loureiro C, Botelho H (2012b)
PiroPinus: a spreadsheet application to guide prescribed burning operations in maritime pine forest. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 81: 58-61.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(33)
Finney MA (2004)
FARSITE: Fire Area Simulator - model development and evaluation. Research Paper RMRS-RP-4 Revised, Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Ogden, Utah, USA, pp. 47.
Gscholar
(34)
Fiorucci P, Galardi M, Negro D, Gollino A (2011)
On the right track? Wildfire Magazine.
Online | Gscholar
(35)
Giovannini G, Lucchesi S (1997)
Modifications induced in soil physicochemical parameters by experimental fires at different intensities. Soil Science 162: 479-486.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(36)
Granström A (2001)
Fire management for biodiversity in the European boreal forests. Scandinavian Journal Forest Research 3: 62-69.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(37)
Grigulis K, Lavorel S, Davies ID, Dossantos A, Lloret F, Vilà M (2005)
Landscape-scale positive feedbacks between fire and expansion of the large tussock grass, Ampelodesmos mauritanica in Catalan shrublands. Global Change Biology 11: 1042-1053.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(38)
Genries A, Morin X, Chauchard S, Carcaillet C (2009)
The function of surface fires in the dynamics and structure of a formerly grazed old subalpine forest. Journal of Ecology 97: 728-741.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(39)
Höchtl F, Lehringer S, Konold W (2005)
“Wilderness”: what it means when it becomes a reality - a case study from the southwestern Alps. Landscape and Urban Planning 70 (1): 85-95.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(40)
INFC (2005)
Inventario nazionale delle foreste e dei serbatoi forestali di carbonio. Ministero delle Politiche Agricole Alimentari e Forestali, Ispettorato Generale - Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Rome, Italy. CRA - Unità di ricerca per il Monitoraggio e la Pianificazione forestale, Rome, Italy.
Gscholar
(41)
Kilgore BM (1976)
From fire control to fire management: an ecological basis for policies. In: Transactions of the “41st North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference”, 1976, pp. 17.
Gscholar
(42)
Kobziar LN, Rocca ME, Dicus CA, Hoffman C, Sugihara N, Thode AE, Varner JM, Morgan P (2009)
Challenges to educating the next generation of wildland fire professionals in the United States. Journal of Forestry 107 (7): 339-345.
Gscholar
(43)
Lambert B (2010)
The french prescribed burning network and its professional team in Pyrénées Orientales: lessons drawn from 20 years of experience. In “Best practices of Fire Use. Prescribed Burning and Suppression Fire Programs in selected Case-Study Regions in Europe” (Montiel C, Krauss D eds). Research Rep. 24, European Forest Institute, Joensuu, Finland, pp. 17-31.
Gscholar
(44)
Lázaro A (2010)
Development of prescribed burning and suppression fire in Europe. In: “Best practices of fire use. Prescribed burning and suppression fire programs in selected case-study regions in Europe” (Montiel C, Krauss D eds). Research Rep. 24, European Forest Institute, Joensuu, Finland, pp. 17-31.
Gscholar
(45)
Leone V, Signorile A, Gouma V, Pangas N, Chronopoulous-Sereli (1999)
Obstacles in prescribed fire use in Mediterrean countries: early remarks and results of the Fire Torch project. In: Proceedings of the “DELFI International Symposium. Forest Fires: Needs and Innovations”. Athens (Greece) 18-19 Nov 1999, pp. 5.
Gscholar
(46)
Leone V, Lovreglio R (2009)
Il fuoco come strumento nella gestione preventiva e tattica. In: “La gestione della difesa dagli incendi boschivi”. (Fondazione S. Giovanni Gualberto - Osservatorio Foreste e Ambiente ed). I Quaderni 9: 71-90.
Gscholar
(47)
Lon G (2012)
Allarme incendi in Italia. I boschi vanno in fumo. La Stampa, Anno 146 (210): 12-13.
Gscholar
(48)
Lonati M, Gorlier A, Ascoli D, Marzano R, Lombardi G (2009)
Response of the alien species Panicum acuminatum to disturbance in an Italian lowland heathland. Botanica Helvetica 119: 105-111.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(49)
Lovreglio R, Leone V, Giaquinto P, Notarnicola A (2010)
Wildfire cause analysis: four case-studies in southern Italy. iForest 3: 8-15.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(50)
Maringer J, Wohlgemuth T, Neff C, Pezzatti GB, Conedera M (2012)
Post-fire spread of alien plant species in a mixed broad-leaved forest of the Insubric region. Flora 207: 19-29.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(51)
Massaiu A (1999)
Il fuoco come tecnica di gestione territoriale. Applicazione di fuoco prescritto in Sardegna. B.Sc. thesis, University of Florence, Italy, pp. 144.
Gscholar
(52)
Mazzoleni S, Esposito A (1993)
Vegetative regrowth after fire and cutting of Mediterranean macchia species. In: “Fire in Mediterranean ecosystems” (Trabaud L, Prodron R eds). Ecosystems Research Report no. 5, European Community, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 87-99.
Gscholar
(53)
Mazzoleni S, Bellelli M, Esposito A, Ricotta C, Di Pasquale G, Blasi C (2001)
Incendi e paesaggio vegetale: il caso del Cilento, Campania. Italia Forestale e Montana 6: 417-429.
Gscholar
(54)
McArthur AG (1969)
Fire as an ecological tool in conserving natural resources. Riverina Conf. Papers no. 2, Inst. of Riverina Studies, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia, pp. 1-10.
Gscholar
(55)
Micillo F (2012)
A scuola di fuoco prescritto con il Corpo Forestale dello Stato. Quaderni della Protezione Civile, Note di antincendio boschivo 5: 36-42.
Gscholar
(56)
Molina D, Castellnou M, García-Marco D, António S (2010)
Improving fire management success through fire behaviour specialists. In: “Towards Integrated Fire Management - Outcomes of the European Project Fire Paradox” (Silva JS, Rego F, Fernandes P, Rigolot E eds). Research Report 23, European Forest Institute, Joensuu, Finland, pp. 105-119.
Gscholar
(57)
Montiel-Molina C (2012)
Comparative assessment of wildland fire legislation and policies in the European Union: Towards a Fire Framework Directive. Forest Policy and Economics.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2012.11.006
Gscholar
(58)
Moreira F, Viedma O, Arianoutsou M, Curt T, Koutsias N, Rigolot E, Barbati A, Corona P, Vaz P, Xanthopoulos G, Mouillot F, Bilgili E (2011)
Landscape - wildfire interactions in southern Europe: Implications for landscape management. Journal of Environmental Management 92 (10): 2389-2402.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(59)
Moya D, Saracino A, Salvatore R, Lovreglio R, de Las Heras J, Leone V (2008)
Anatomic basis and insulation of serotinous cones in Pinus halepensis Mill. Trees 22: 511-519.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(60)
Price OF (2012)
The drivers of effectiveness of prescribed fire treatment. Forest Science 58 (6): 606-617.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(61)
Puettmann KJ, Coates KD, Messier C (2009)
A critique of silviculture. Managing for complexity. Island Press, Washington, DC, USA.
Gscholar
(62)
Pyne SJ (1982)
A cultural history of wildland and rural fire. Princeton University Press, Princeton, MS, USA.
Gscholar
(63)
Pyne SJ (1997)
Vestal fire: an environmental history told through fire, of Europe and Europe’s encounter with the world. University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA, USA.
Gscholar
(64)
Razzoli E (2010)
Il fuoco tra natura e cultura. Analisi dell’uso sociale del fuoco nella manipolazione del paesaggio. B.Sc. thesis, University of Florence, Italy, pp. 259. [in Italian]
Gscholar
(65)
Razzoli E (2011)
Fuochi nascosti in esperienze remote e nell’immaginario umano, tra natura e cultura. I Quaderni del Ramo d’Oro 4: 78-99.
Gscholar
(66)
Ribet N (2008)
Les maîtres feu. Fire Paradox. Web site. [in French]
Online | Gscholar
(67)
Romano A, Salvidio S, Esposito A, Mazzoleni S (2010)
Valutazione degli effetti del fuoco prescritto sull’erpetofauna nel Parco Nazionale del Cilento e Vallo di Diano (Campania): messa a punto della metodologia di campionamento. In: Proceedings of the ”VIII Congresso Nazionale Societas Herpetologica Italica” (Di Tizio L, Di Cerbo AR, Di Francesco N, Cameli A eds). Ianieri Ed., Pescara, Italy, pp. 509-514.
Gscholar
(68)
Rutigliano FA, De Marco A, D’Ascoli R, Castaldi S, Gentile A, Virzo de Santo A (2007)
Impact of fire on fungal abundance and microbial efficiency in C assimilation and mineralisation in a Mediterranean maquis soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils 44 (2): 377-381.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(69)
Rutigliano FA, Catalanotti AE, Marzaioli R, Ascoli D, D’Ascoli R, Strumia S, Esposito A, Mazzoleni S (2010)
Soil microbial metabolism and organic carbon pools as affected by prescribed burning in pine plantations of Southern Italy. In: Proceedings of the “VI International Conference on Forest Fire Research” (Viegas DX ed). Coimbra (Portugal) 15-18 Nov 2010, pp. 9.
Gscholar
(70)
Salis M, Diana G, Casula F, Farris G, Farris O, Licheri F, Musina G, Orotelli S, Peluffo L, Pirisi AM, Bacciu V, Fois C, Sirca C, Spano D (2012)
Potential effects of prescribed burning and tactical fires on fire risk mitigation. In: Proceedings of the “International Conference on Fire Behaviour and Risk Focus on Wildland Urban Interfaces”. Alghero (SS), 4-6 Oct 2011, pp. 6.
Gscholar
(71)
Saracino A, Pacella R, Leone V, Borghetti M (1997)
Seed dispersal and changing seed characteristics in a Pinus halepensis Mill. forest after fire. Plant Ecology 130 (1): 13-19.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(72)
Schmuck G, San-Miguel-Ayanz J, Camia A, Kucera J, Libertà G, Boca R, Durrant T, Amatulli G (2008)
Forest fires in Europe 2007. EUR 23492 EN, JRC 47446, JRC Scientific and Technical Reports, Ispra, Italy.
Online | Gscholar
(73)
Schmuck G, San-Miguel-Ayanz J, Camia A, Durrant T, Santos de Oliveira S, Boca R, Whitmore C, Giovando C, Libertà G, Corti P (2011)
Forest Fires in Europe 2010. EUR 24910 EN, JRC 66167, JRC Scientific and Technical Reports, Ispra, Italy.
Online | Gscholar
(74)
Schulze ED, Mischì G, Asche G, Börner A (2007)
Land-use history and succession of Larix decidua in the Southern Alps of Italy - an essay based on a cultural history study of Roswitha Asche. Flora 202 (8): 705-713.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(75)
Senatore G (2000)
Il fuoco prescritto: discussa tecnica di gestione di risorse silvo-pastorali. L’Italia Forestale e Montana 55 (1): 41-50.
Gscholar
(76)
Sereni E (1981)
Terra nuova e buoi rossi ed altri saggi per una storia dell’agricoltura Europea. Einaudi, Torino, Italy, pp. 371.
Gscholar
(77)
Silva JS, Rego FC, Fernandes P, Rigolot E (2010)
FIRE PARADOX White Book: towards integrated fire management. Outcomes of the European project Fire Paradox. Research Rep. 23, European Forest Institute, Joensuu, Finland, pp. 228.
Gscholar
(78)
Sitzia T, Semenzato P, Trentanovi G (2010)
Natural reforestation is changing spatial patterns of rural mountain and hill landscapes: a global overview. Forest Ecology and Management 259: 1354-1362.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(79)
Stefani A (1985)
Bruciare o non bruciare? Economia montana 4: 3-9.
Gscholar
(80)
Susmel L (1973)
Development and present problems of forest fire control in the Mediterranean region. FAO, Rome, Italy, pp. 100.
Gscholar
(81)
Susmel L (1977)
Ecology of systems and fire management in the Italian Mediterranean region. In: Proceedings of the symposium “Environmental consequences of fire and fuel management in Mediterranean ecosystems” (Mooney HA. Conrad CE eds). Palo Alto (CA - USA) 1-5 Aug 1977. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-3, USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 307-317.
Gscholar
(82)
Tinner W, Conedera M, Ammann B, Lotter AF (2005)
Fire ecology north and south of the Alps since the last ice age. The Holocene 15 (8): 1214-1226.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(83)
Valese E, Held A (2009)
La gestione dei combustibili forestali e la difesa delle proprietà private dagli incendi boschivi: il progetto pilota Pianacci (Lastra a Signa - Firenze). In: Proceedings of the “III Congresso Nazionale di Selvicoltura”. Taormina (CT - Italy), 16-19 Oct 2008. Accademia Italiana di Scienze Forestali, Firenze, Italy, pp. 5.
Gscholar
(84)
Valese E, Driussi M, Held AC, Gottardo E, Ascoli D, Anfodillo T (2011)
The pilot project Ohonj na Buonah to study the application of prescribed burning in the Eastern Alps of Italy (Friuli - Venezia Giulia Region). In: Proceedings of the “V International Wildland Fire Conference” (Afri-FireNet ed). Sun City (South Africa), 9-14 May 2011, pp. 11.
Gscholar
(85)
Vallauri DR, Aronson J, Barbero M (2002)
An analysis of forest restoration 120 years after reforestation on badlands in the southwestern Alps. Restoration Ecology 10 (1): 16-26.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(86)
Van Gils H, Odoi T, Andrisano T (2010)
From monospecific to mixed forest after fire: an early forecast for the montane belt of Majella, Italy. Forest Ecology and Management 259 (3): 433-439.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(87)
Vanha-Majamaa SL, Ryömä R, Kotiaho JS, Laaka-Lindberg S, Lindberg H, Puttonen PT, Toivanen T, Kuuluvainen T (2007)
Rehabilitating boreal forest structure and species composition in Finland through logging, dead wood creation and fire: the EVO experiment. Forest Ecology and Management 250 (1-2): 77-88.
CrossRef | Gscholar
(88)
Vélez R (2010)
Prescribed burning for improved grazing and social fire prevention: the spanish EPRIF programme. In: “Best practices of fire use - prescribed burning and suppression fire programs in selected case-study regions in Europe” (Montiel C, Krauss D eds). Research Report 24, European Forest Institute, Joensuu, Finland, pp. 117-122.
Gscholar
(89)
Vilén T, Fernandes PM (2011)
Forest fires in Mediterranean countries: CO2 emissions and mitigation possibilities through prescribed burning. Environmental Management 48: 558-567.
CrossRef | Gscholar
 

This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. More info